In the middle of the 3rd century, two members of the tribal confederacy known as the Franks, the Salians and the Ripuarians, began penetrating the Roman frontier around Mainz but were soon driven back by Emperor Probus.

The Paeligni are first mentioned as a member of a confederacy which included the Marsi, Marrucini and Vestini, with which the Romans came into conflict in the Second Samnite War, 325 BC.

The tribe is first mentioned in history as a member of a confederacy with which the Romans came into conflict in the second Samnite War, 325 BC, and it entered the Roman Alliance as a separate unit at the end of that war ( see further Paeligni ).

Not without justification, the Battle of Sempach came to be seen as the decisive turning point between the foundation of the confederacy as a loose pact in the 14th century, and its growth into a significant political and military power during the 15th century.

In 1223, Genghis Khan defeated the Cumans and their Russian allies at the Battle of Kalka River ( in modern Ukraine ), and the final blow came in 1241, when the Cuman confederacy ceased to exist as a political entity, with the remaining Cuman tribes being dispersed, either becoming subjects and mixing with their Tatar-Mongol conquerors as part of what was to be known as the Nogai Horde, or fleeing to the west, to the Byzantine Empire, the Second Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary, where they became kings and nobles with many privileges.

In 1223, Genghis Khan defeated the Cumans and their Russian allies at the Battle of Kalka ( in modern Ukraine ), and the final blow came in 1241, when the Cuman confederacy ceased to exist as a political entity, with the remaining Cuman tribes being dispersed, either becoming subjects and mixing with their Tatar-Mongol conquerors as part of what was to be known as the Nogai Horde, or fleeing to the west, to the Byzantine Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Agesipolis came to the crown just about the time that the confederacy ( partly brought about by the intrigues of the Persian satrap Tithraustes ), which was formed by Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, against Sparta, rendering it necessary to recall his colleague, Agesilaus II, from Asia ; and the first military operation of his reign was the expedition to Corinth, where the forces of the confederates were assembled.

Early in 382 BC, an embassy came to Sparta from the cities of Acanthus and Apollonia, requesting assistance against the Chalkidian League, who were endeavoring to compel them to join their confederacy.

The impetus for the legion came from General Arthur St. Clair's disastrous defeat at the Battle of the Wabash by Blue Jacket and Little Turtle's tribal confederacy in November 1791.

King Gwanggaeto the Great often led expeditions into the Baekje, Gaya confederacy, Buyeo, Later Yan and against Japanese invaders with his cavalry.

Sometimes several chiefs would group themselves into a confederacy, acknowledging one of themselves as king ( or high chief ).

The mouth of the Syr Darya or Jaxartes River, which emptied into the Aral Sea was approximately 850 km northwest of the oasis of Tashkent which was an important centre of the Kangju confederacy.

The Three Kingdoms refer to Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, although Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy existed into the 5th and 6th centuries respectively.

Each Xianbei tribe was led by a chieftain and were grouped under the confederacy into three smaller federations, the Western, the Central and the Eastern.

Supported by this confederacy, Tanshihuai brought the Southern Xiongnu into a close alliance.

The Western Lakes Confederacy was a loose confederacy of tribes around the Great Lakes region following the American Revolutionary War organized to resist the expansion of the US into the Northwest Territory.

He was completely outnumbered in forces but led the successful invasion into the Rhineland to defeat the confederacy.

Conversely defeat by an external power could mean the end of a ruler and his people, who were absorbed into the victorious confederacy.

Article 4 states: " The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the said territory as to the citizens of the United States, and those of any other States that may be admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor.

The Pact of Brunnen, which emerged from the meeting, changed the pragmatic defensive alliance into a full confederacy.

According to his brother's later account, Tecumseh was already contemplating a pan-tribal confederacy to counter American expansion into Indian-held lands.

* August 20, 1794: Battle of Fallen Timbers — American troops forced a confederacy of Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa and Pottawatomie warriors into a disorganized retreat.

The Maratha confederacy was thrown into disarray by Sambhaji's death, and his younger brother Rajaram assumed the throne.

During the Samhan period, the Mahan confederacy, later absorbed into the Baekje kingdom, occupied the central and southwestern part of the peninsula, while the Jinhan confederacy occupied the southeast.

The vast host gathered before the allied Welsh principalities represented the largest army yet assembled for their conquest, a circumstance which further drew the Welsh allies into a closer confederacy, wrote Lloyd.

Prince Časlav Klonimirović ruled over a confederacy of statelets covering an expansive area, uniting the tribes of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Old Serbia and Montenegro ( incorporated Pagania, Zahumlje, Travunia, Konavle, Bosnia and " Rascia " into Serbia, ι Σερβλια ).

The overarching ambition of Raghunathrao, Peshwa Baji Rao II's father, and the latter's own incompetence since coming into his inheritance, had long caused much internecine intrigue within the Maratha confederacy ; Peshwa Baji Rao II no longer commanded the deference his predecessors had.

At first he joined with those who sought merely to amend the Articles of Confederation, believing, as one delegate contended, " there is no middle way between a perfect consolidation of the states into one nation and a mere confederacy of the states.

Tughril united the Turkomen warriors of the Great Eurasian Steppes into a confederacy of tribes, who traced their ancestry to a single ancestor named Seljuq, and led them in conquest of eastern Iran.

On Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa ; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga ; These stories can be linked to what is known about the Samoa-based Tu ' i Manu ' a Confederacy, ruled by the holders of the Tu ' i Manu ' a title, which confederacy likely included much of Western Polynesia and some outliers at the height of its power in the 10th and 11th centuries.

The Orthodox Church has always maintained the original position of collegiality of the bishops resulting in the structure of the church being closer to a confederacy in structure.

The Abdali / Durranis later on expanded into a separate tribal entity and the Durrani confederacy is generally considered as a separate tribe in itself, and one of the two most powerful tribal confederacies in Afghanistan, the other being the Ghilzai tribe.

The Articles were created by delegates from the states in the Second Continental Congress out of a need to have " a plan of confederacy for securing the freedom, sovereignty, and independence of the United States.

In some other respects the Athenians were not the old popular rulers they had been at first ; and if they had more than their fair share of service, it was correspondingly easy for them to reduce any that tried to leave the confederacy.

It was he who nominated Ndiadiane Ndiaye and called for the other states to join this confederacy, which they did, and the " empire " headed by Ndiadiane, who took residence at Djolof.

It is for this reason scholars propose that the empire was more like a voluntary confederacy than an empire built on military conquest.

But like the Amphictyonic league in Greece, the Ionic was rather of a sacred than a political character ; every city enjoyed absolute autonomy, and, though common interests often united them for a common political object, they never formed a real confederacy like that of the Achaeans or Boeotians.

In 1244, after the confederacy had failed and Hugh had made peace with King Louis, two royal cooks were arrested for attempting to poison the King ; upon questioning they confessed to having been in Isabella's pay.

Uneasiness at the Han court about this development of a new power on the steppes finally ushered in a campaign on the northern border to annihilate the confederacy once and for all.

They were also less ambitious and constantly fought among themselves for the increasingly powerless lord of confederacy.

The confederacy was virtually dissolved in early third century therefore the warlords of the Han dynasty could play their own game of fighting for supremacy without much interference from tribes outside China.

On August 20, 1794, Wayne mounted an assault on the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, in modern Maumee, Ohio ( just south of present-day Toledo ), which was a decisive victory for the U. S. forces, ending the war.

After the campaign against Olynthus in 382, general fighting resumed with the revived Athenian naval confederacy and continued, with intermittent attempts to restore the peace, for much of the next two decades.

The county is named for the paramount chief of the powerful confederacy of tribes of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans in the Tidewater in 1607, when the British settled at Jamestown.

During the Civil War, the county was the main producer of food for the confederacy and became known as the " Breadbasket of the South.

Inhabited for thousands of years by different cultures of indigenous peoples, in historic times, native groups were the Shawnee, Wabash, Miami tribe, among those in the Wabash confederacy.

Uneasiness at the Han court about this development of a new power on the steppes finally ushered in a campaign on the northern border to annihilate the confederacy once and for all.

Now, I say all this, not to vindicate myself, for I have nowhere recommended the Irish nation to attain legislative independence by force of arms in their present broken and divided condition ( as Mr O ' Connell's resolution imputes to me ), not to vindicate myself, but to vindicate the original free constitution of our confederacy ".

His most notable writings during these years were his political papers that attacked and revealed the confederacy of the Orléanists and Legitimists against the Republic ; his re-editions of many of his old articles and books, among others the Conservation, révolution et positivisme of 1852 ( which he reprinted word for word, appending a formal, categorical renunciation of many of the Comtist doctrines therein contained ); and a little tract, Pour la dernière fois, in which he maintained his unalterable belief in the philosophy of Materialism.

During the War of 1812, Tecumseh's confederacy allied with the British in The Canadas ( the collective name for the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada ), and helped in the capture of Fort Detroit.

In the formation of the confederacy of the six associated counties, which was to supply a basis for Cromwell's operations, he took an active part.

In November 1785, Brant traveled to London to ask King George III for assistance in defending the Indian confederacy from attack by the Americans.

The government granted Brant a generous pension and agreed to fully compensate the Mohawk for their losses, but they did not promise to support the confederacy.

He considered it folly for South Carolina to act alone ; but he was strongly in favor of secession, and in 1850, as a delegate to the Nashville convention, he declared himself friendly to the scheme, then first agitated, of a separate southern confederacy.

He was employed, as his brother had been, as ambassador to several princes of Christendom, for the purpose of uniting them in a confederacy against the Ottoman Empire.

He is credited for starting the campaign for a unified Nepal, which had been divided and weakened under Malla confederacy.