Along with the Bill of Rights 1689, it remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the succession to not only the throne of the United Kingdom, but, following British colonialism, the resultant doctrine of reception, and independence, also to those of the other Commonwealth realms, whether by willing deference to the act as a British statute or as a patriated part of the particular realm's constitution.

In most but not all modern states the constitution has supremacy over ordinary Statutory law ( see Uncodified constitution below ); in such states when an official act is unconstitutional, i. e. it is not a power granted to the government by the constitution, that act is null and void, and the nullification is ab initio, that is, from inception, not from the date of the finding.

United States federal courts only act as interpreters of statutes and the constitution by elaborating and precisely defining the broad language ( connotation 1 ( b ) above ), but, unlike state courts, do not act as an independent source of common law ( connotation 1 ( a ) above ).

The act also codified many previously oral constitutional conventions and has made amendment of the constitution significantly more difficult.

Previously, the Canadian federal constitution could be amended by solitary act of the Canadian or British parliaments, by formal or informal agreement between the federal and provincial governments, or even simply by adoption as ordinary custom of an oral convention or unwritten tradition that was perceived to be the best way to do something.

Since the act, amendments must now conform to certain specified provisions in the written portion of the Canadian constitution.

Part V of this act established an amending formula for the Canadian constitution, the lack of which ( due to more than 50 years of disagreement between the federal and provincial governments ) was the only reason Canada's constitutional amendments still required approval by the British parliament after ratification of the Statute of Westminster in 1931.

The constitution does permit the Governor to act without the consulting the Executive Council and even go against its instructions, but in both cases the Governor must immediately inform the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs in the United Kingdom, who can overrule the Governor's actions.

During the drafting of the Indian constitution, many Indian leaders ( except Nehru ) of that time were in favour of allowing each Princely state or Covenanting State to be independent as a federal state along the lines suggested originally by the Government of India act ( 1935 ).

The chairman of the Senate, under the constitution, is next in line to act as president should the office become vacant and until such time as a new president can be formally elected.

In January 1835, frustrated by the political stalemate, Michigan's acting territorial Governor Stevens T. Mason called for a constitutional convention to be held in May of that year despite Congress ' refusal to approve an enabling act authorizing such a state constitution.

Unlike the federal government, which only has those powers granted to it in the Constitution, a state government has inherent powers allowing it to act unless limited by a provision of the state or national constitution.

In 1887, a new constitution was drafted, providing for the right of self-governance and in 1890, the act granting self-government to the colony was passed by the British Parliament.

* August 15 – By act of the U. S. Congress ( March 3 ), the Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, four months before Mississippi became a State of the United States.

On June 28, 1992, Estonian voters approved the constitutional assembly's draft constitution and implementation act, which established a parliamentary government with a president as chief of state and with a government headed by a prime minister.

While complying with the constitution, this allowed Cinna to act as monarch while still appearing to follow the will of the population.

The act did not require tribes to adopt a constitution.

The act specified a number of mandatory constitutional provisions, and required approval of the constitution by the U. S. President and by the Filipino people.

However, because the constitution still stipulates only that the President leads foreign policy and the government internal policy, the responsibility over European Union affairs is not explicitly resolved.

Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the prime minister ; the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of parliament who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commands a majority in parliament.

Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the prime minister ; the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the Lower House of parliament who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ( YDPA ), commands a majority in parliament.

The office is not established by any constitution or law but exists only as per long-established convention, which stipulates that the monarch must appoint as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons ; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber.

Although in the constitution it stipulates that the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have the power to review whether laws or activities violate the constitution.

The constitution stipulates the prime minister chairs the council of ministers ( article 45 ) and is appointed by royal decree ( article 43 ).

The Constitution Act, 1982 stipulates that Canada's constitution includes that act, a series of thirty acts and orders referred to in a schedule to that act ( the most notable of which is the Constitution Act, 1867 ), and any amendment to any of those acts.

Although the new constitution stipulates that a debate be held between the two remaining candidates for the presidency, no debates took place and this was declared by many as unconstitutional.

The constitution of the country stipulates that there shall be a President who shall be the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of Mauritius.

The constitution stipulates that the assembly is presided over by a Speaker and two Deputy Speakers, who are responsible for expediting the legislative process.

As did its predecessor, the 1995 constitution stipulates that Kazakhstan is a secular state ; thus, Kazakhstan is the only Central Asian state whose constitution does not assign a special status to Islam.

The constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, first proclaimed in 1976 and last amended in 1996, stipulates that the above-described system is an emergency mechanism that will be in place only for as long as Western Sahara is non-sovereign.

In compliance with the requirement of the Paris Agreement that the constitution provide that " ggrieved individuals will be entitled to have the courts adjudicate and enforce these rights " and that " n independent judiciary will be established, empowered to enforce the rights provided under the constitution ", the Constitution stipulates that Khmer citizens have the right to denounce, make complaints or file claims against the state of state agents, the settlement of which should be determined by the courts.

The Latvian constitution stipulates that the borders of the Republic are set by international treaties, and the government considers the 1920 Treaty of Rīga to be still in force.

Before stepping down, he appointed another Maronite Christian, Lebanese Armed Forces Commanding General Michel Aoun, as acting Prime Minister, as was his right under the Lebanese constitution of 1943.

Before 2006 democracy movement in Nepal forced King to restore democracy in 2006, Article 119 of the 1990 constitution stated that the His Majesty the King is the Supreme Commander of the Royal Nepal Army.

Before Interim Constitution replaces Constitution of Kingdom of Nepal 1990, 1990 constitution has prosion for defence council.

Before approving the new constitution, the Constitutional Convention specified the name by which the body politic would be known.

Before his return, he commented on the drafting of the state's constitution ; he continued to support freehold suffrage, by which only property holders could vote.

Before the Revolution of 1932, the kingdom had no written constitution.

Before proceeding to Bulgaria, Prince Alexander paid visits to the Tsar at Livadia, to the courts of the great powers and to the sultan ; a Russian warship then conveyed him to Varna, and after taking the oath to the new constitution at Turnovo ( 8 July 1879 ) he went to Sofia.

Before he transferred power to a younger generation of leaders, Jiang had his theory of Three Represents written into the Party's constitution, alongside Marxism – Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory at the 16th CPC Congress in 2002.

Before then, classis, in addition to being a naval fleet, was a social class in one of the diachronic divisions of Roman society according to property ownership by the Roman constitution.

Before being disfranchised by the Democrats ' passage in 1899 of a new state constitution that included discriminatory provisions, black citizens elected four African Americans to the US Congress from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Before the 1840s, there were several attempts to replace the colonial charter with a new state constitution that provided broader voting rights, but all failed.

: Before the ceremony of consecration begins, the bishop elect shall take a solemn oath, in the presence of the municipal officers, of the people, and of the clergy, to guard with care the faithful of his diocese who are confided to him, to be loyal to the nation, the law, and the king, and to support with all his power the constitution decreed by the National Assembly and accepted by the king.

Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780, it was called the Great and General Court, but the official title was shortened by John Adams, author of the state constitution, apparently in the name of republican simplicity.

Before the Des Moines meeting, a rally was held in Washington, D. C., and plans for a constitution were formulated.

Before 1957, Tōkyō ’ s red-light districts had flourished as legally-licensed centers for sex workers but, armed with a new constitution and an Equal Rights amendment, post-occupation Japanese women's Christian groups, etc., successfully lobbied the Diet to pass the Prostitution Prevention Law in 1956.

Before statehood could be granted in 1896, however, the federal government required Utah to include a provision in its state constitution stating that " polygamous or plural marriages are forever prohibited ".

Before that, no constitution had stated any details about the subdivisions of the country, leaving it to be ruled by law.

Before the new constitution was enacted, President Boris Yeltsin had dissolved the Congress of People's Deputies and Supreme Soviet of Russia during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, although he did not have the formal constitutional powers to do so.

Before serving as the president of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the constitution, he had served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the year 1946 in the Interim national Government.

Before the Cutback Amendment to the state constitution in 1980, the state was divided into 59 " legislative districts ", each of which elected three representatives, yielding a House of 177 members.

Before that the former PM was asked about the new constitution which will be ready for 2011.

Before his suicide, he said: I swore to defend her Constitution of Year I and die for her, I die happy not to have betrayed my oath a sentiment he has completed with a clear opinion on the future: I would die happier if I were certain that after me, she would not be destroyed and replaced by another constitution Constitution of Year III where equality is disregarded, rights violated, and that the masses will be completely subservient to the rich, sole mistress of the government and of the state.

Before the adoption of the state constitution, Belarus had a prime minister ever since they broke away from the Soviet Union.