GM maize-fed rats were compared first to their respective isogenic or parental non-GM equivalent control groups, followed by comparison to six reference groups, which had consumed various other non-GM maize varieties.

Two groups of rats are observed: a control group with no lesions and an experimental group with hippocampal lesions.

The researchers found that when there was no time delay, both control rats and rats with lesions chose the familiar food.

After 24 hours, however, the rats with hippocampal lesions were just as likely to eat both types of food, while control rats chose the familiar food.

Because the rats are encouraged to act via the reward of pleasure, not muscularly compelled to behave in a particular manner, their behavior under MFB stimulation is likened to a carrot-and-stick model of encouraged behavior versus a system of mind control.

These predators have little effect on the control of the black rat population because black rats are agile and fast climbers.

Although rats pose a threat to native seabird species and their eggs, seabird populations have remained stable and large, and therefore control options for R. rattus have not been used.

The adjacent and similarly landlocked province of Saskatchewan initiated a rat control program in 1972, and has managed to reduce the number of rats in the province substantially, although they have not been eliminated.

Some of the common methods used to control the number of Norway rats include:

MOVE made compost piles of garbage and human waste in their yards which attracted rats and cockroaches ; they considered it morally wrong to kill the vermin with pest control.

* The Pied Piper of Hamelin, in the NBC series Grimm is said to have been a Reinigen, a rat / human creature who can control the behavior of rats by using a musical ability.

Brilliant Blue ( BBG ) food coloring was cited in a recent study in which rats that had suffered a spinal injury were given an injection of the dye immediately after the injury, and were able to regain or retain motor control.

They were used to control rats, rabbits, and foxes both over and under the ground.

Shortly thereafter, projects on the second and third sections of the park began, mostly to control or eliminate rats, feral dogs and cats, pigeons and other introduced species.

The study showed that the exploratory behavior of the rats with extirpated VNO ’ s were significantly different from both control groups of rats.

The species became extinct as a breeding bird there owing to the accidental introduction of rats from a shipwreck in the late 18th century ; however a recent control program has resulted in Manx Shearwaters returning to breed in small numbers.

The Freira Conservation Project was founded in 1986 with the aim of increasing the population of Zino's Petrel by controlling rats and human interference ; the control was extended to cats after the mass predation of 1990.

As the virus can be transmitted by rodent saliva, excretia, and bites, control of rats and mice in areas frequented by humans is key for disease prevention.

** A recent study looking at the long term effects of androstenedione use in rats for their entire life cycle showed no increase in mortality over a control group, showing that androstenedione and presumably all prohormones without chemical modifications to be reasonably safe.

However one recent study did find " Oral administration of 70 mg / kg / day of Vitex agnus-castus extract in lactation stages, significantly increased serum prolactin, compared with the control group of rats.

He can also control rats and used them to gather information for him during the day.

The Commentary on the Convention on Psychotropic Substances notes, however, that the plants containing it are not subject to international control :< ref >

Abd ar-Rahman, however, would settle for nothing less than control of the emirate, and an impasse was reached.

In 1388, after Count Louis II of Provence had left to conquer Naples, the Count of Savoy Amadeus VIII took control of Barcelonnette ; however, it returned to Provençal control in 1390, with the d ' Audiffret family as its lords.

Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent who controls the ball ; however, physical contact between opponents is limited.

The election of Carlos Menem to the Argentine Presidency in May 1989, however, resulted in an agreement between the President-elect and Jorge Born that gave the company partial control over national economic policy.

In 1944, Jones wrote to John Walvoord of Dallas Theological Seminary that while the university had " no objection to educational work highly standardized …. We, however, cannot conscientiously let some group of educational experts or some committee of experts who may have a behavioristic or atheistic slant on education control or even influence the administrative policies of our college.

Now enjoying control of the nutmeg production the VOC paid the perkeniers 1 / 122nd of the Dutch market price for nutmeg, however, the perkeniers still profited immensely building substantial villas with opulent imported European decorations.

In 1994, however, it was increasingly facing the need to control its expenditures and reorganize its economy so that it would be viewed as a sounder recipient of investment.

Near the year 550, however, the British began to lose ground once more, and within twenty-five years, it appears that control of almost all of southern England was in the hands of the invaders.

The countryside, however, remained largely under Communist control.

PID controllers are the most well established class of control systems: however, they cannot be used in several more complicated cases, especially if MIMO systems are considered.

Regarding the alleged human rights violations by the contras, however, the ICJ took the view that the U. S. could only be held accountable for them if it would have been proven that the U. S. had effective control of the contra operations resulting in these alleged violations.

His performance does improve over trials, however, his scores were inferior to those of control participants.

Beginning about 550, however, the British began to lose ground once more, and within twenty-five years it appears that control of almost all of southern England was in the hands of the invaders.

Changing technologies however, strained traditional ways of resolving disputes of resource use and local governments had limited control over powerful special interests.

Guilds, however, were groups of self-employed skilled craftsmen with ownership and control over the materials and tools they needed to produce their goods.

This shows that, after suppressing the revolt of Macriani, Egypt had returned to Gallienus ' control ; however, in spring of 262, the city is reported to be rent by civil tumult, as a result of a new usurpation.

Prince Menshikov called the attention of the Turks to the fact that during the Russo-Turkish War ( 1768 – 1774 ), the Russians had occupied the Turkish controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia on the north bank of the Danube River, but he reminded them that pursuant to the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, however, the Russians had returned these " Danubian provinces " to Ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the Christian sites in the Holy Land.

The unification of the two parties was symbolic of the new friendship of German socialists in defeating their common enemy, however, Communists who made a majority had virtually total control over policy.

Toussaint, however, asserted enough independence that in 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte sent a massive invasion force, under his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc, to increase French control.

They were not, however, able to expand their control beyond Puerto Caballos and Trujillo, thanks to determined Miskito resistance.

The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 awarded the area to Greece, however the area definitively reverted to Albanian control in November 1921, following Greece's defeat in the Greco-Turkish War.