A copying clerk would begin by counting the number of master letters to be written during the next few hours and by preparing the copying book.

To dampen the tissue paper, the clerk used a brush or copying paper damper.

With his wife Susan, Martin had six children who survived to adulthood: Alfred ( who worked with his father as a mezzotint engraver and later became a senior tax official ), Isabella, Zenobia ( who married the artist Peter Cunningham ), Leopold ( who became a clerk ), Charles ( who was trained as a painter by his father, copying a number of his father's works-he later became a successful portrait painter and lived in America-his last exhibit at the Royal Academy was in 1896 ) and Jessie ( who married egyptologist Joseph Bonomi ).

It was said by one famous attorney in the U. S., William Livingston, in 1745 in a New York newspaper that the clerkship program was severely flawed, and that most mentors “ have no manner of concern for their clerk ’ s future welfare … is a monstrous absurdity to suppose, that the law is to be learnt by a perpetual copying of precedents .” There were some few mentors that were dedicated to the service, and because of their rarity, they became so sought after that the first law schools evolved from the offices of some of these attorneys who took on many clerks and began to spend more time training than practicing law.

Recognizing her talent, Kollwitz's father arranged for her to begin lessons in drawing and copying plaster casts when she was twelve.

On learning that the Duc's fortune was entirely lost or sequestered, Kelly arranged for him to make a little money by copying sheet-music, which he did secretly during the day, continuing to attend the theatre in the evening.

In response they made him a small payment, arranged for the copying of the orchestral parts, and at some point in the latter half of 1827 gave the work an unofficial play-through ( the exact date and the conductor are unknown ) – though it was considered too long and difficult for the amateur orchestra of the conservatory.

The games were each arranged as separate, circular layers and the whole assembled in a barrel shape, copying the traditional brandy cask form.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation mounted a defense, in which defendants denied copying any portion of battle. net or Blizzard games, denied the validity of the battle. net trademark, denied that CD keys are an anti-piracy measure, and denied that bnetd is a circumvention tool.

When all drawing operations are considered complete, the whole region ( or only the changed portion ) is copied into the video RAM ( the " front buffer "); this copying is usually synchronized with the monitor's raster beam in order to avoid tearing.

The court found that Tengen did not violate the copyright for copying the portion of code necessary to defeat the protection with current NES consoles, but did violate the copyright for copying portions of the code not being used in the communication between the chip and console.

Applied to animation by Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney studio during the late 1950s, the electrostatic copying technique called xerography allowed the drawings to be copied directly onto the cels, eliminating much of the " inking " portion of the ink-and-paint process.

Somehow there is a specific portion of the brain related to writing letters, which is dissociated from copying and drawing letter-like items.

In message passing, each of the arguments has to have sufficient available extra memory for copying the existing argument into a portion of the new message.

Disadvantages are that sparse files may become fragmented ; file system free space reports may be misleading ; filling up file systems containing sparse files can have unexpected effects ( such as disk-full or quota-exceeded errors when merely overwriting an existing portion of a file that happened to have been sparse ); and copying a sparse file with a program that does not explicitly support them may copy the entire, uncompressed size of the file, including the zero sections which are not allocated on disk — losing the benefits of the sparse property in the file.

* In 2012 the Zeeland school district superintendent, Dave Barry, found himself in trouble for plagiarism because of copying nearly every word into his staff news letter from a blog written by Mike Rutherford without giving credit to Rutherford.

In 1780 James Watt obtained a patent for letter copying presses, which James Watt & Co. produced beginning in that year.

Using letter copying presses, copies could be made up to twenty-four hours after a letter was written, though copies made within a few hours were best.

In that case, he would insert a sheet of oiled paper into the copying book in front of the first tissue on which he wanted to make a copy of a letter.

Prior to the introduction of inks made with aniline dyes in 1856, the quality of copies made on letter copying presses was limited by the properties of the available copying inks.

Copies could be made more quickly with a roller copier than with a letter copying press.

It could make a dozen copies if the letter was written with a pen and good copying ink.

Abbot Johannes Trithemius of Sponheim wrote a letter, De Laude Scriptorum ( In Praise of Scribes ), to Gerlach, Abbot of Deutz in 1492 to describe for monks the merits of copying texts.

As was customary, she recorded her decisions and experiments by copying letters in a letter book.

In 1780 James Watt obtained a patent for letter copying presses, which James Watt & Co. produced beginning in that year.

In the meantime, Babington's growing involvement with the plot was being reported to Walsingham, by Poley, who was by this time much in Babington's confidence, despite having been caught by him copying some of Mary's letter.

In his letter to George, bishop of Serugh, on Syriac orthography ( published by Phillips in London 1869, and by Martin in Paris the same year ) he sets forth the importance of fidelity by scribes in the copying of minutiae of spelling.

Mrs. Hooker had spent the afternoon copying out extracts from the handwritten documents Darwin had sent with his letter of the previous night, presumably chosen by Hooker to suit the verbal presentation, and Lyell and Hooker wrote a short introductory letter.

1779: James Watt patents a copying press or ' letter copying machine ' to deal with the mass of paper work at his business ; he also invents an ink to work with it.

This letter copying press is considered to be the original photocopier.

When Bernard hears that people are copying Leigh-Cheri's self-isolation and making it a fad, he sends her a letter telling her that she has caused him to shave and he will never forgive her.

The book trade increased, and book copying became a very respectable and profitable profession.

Imitation often involves the copying of an observed behaviour of another individual, but memes may transmit from one individual to another through a copy recorded in an inanimate source, such as a book or a musical score.

A member of the Company would register the book, and would then have a perpetual copyright over its printing, copying and publication, which could be leased, transferred to others or given to heirs upon the member's death.

Once registration had been completed and the deposits were made, the author was granted an exclusive right to control the copying of the book.

If no scriptorium was available, then “ separate little rooms were assigned to book copying ; they were situated in such a way that each scribe had to himself a window open to the cloister walk .” The separation of these monks from the rest of the cloister indicates just how revered these monks were within their society.

Since ideas are not naturally scarcei. e., copying a book does not prevent anyone else from copying the same bookthey are not a legitimate subject of property rights.

Many worked for the organized Church and were in holy orders ( like Petrarch ), while others were lawyers and chancellors of Italian cities-like Petrarch's disciple, Salutati, the Chancellor of Florence-and thus had access to book copying workshops.

As this version makes no avoidance of the taboo of mentioning the name of Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, the time of copying this book should be before the death of the Han founding emperor.

During the Roman Empire, a period of prosperous book trade, no copyright or similar regulations existed, copying by those other than professional booksellers was rare.

Roman book sellers would sometimes pay a well regarded author for first access to a text for copying, but they had no exclusive rights to a work and authors were not normally paid anything for their work.

A person may place a document or a book on the surface of the copying machine and make one or several copies onto acetate, if there are simultaneous meetings or if another company or organization wants a copy.

He may spend years cleaning the studio, observing, practicing on his own flesh, making the needles and other tools required, mixing inks, and painstakingly copying designs from the master's book before he is allowed to tattoo clients.

In the book Last Night A DJ Saved My Life: the history of the DJ, the authors describe northern soul as " a genre built from failures ", stating: "... Northern Soul was the music made by hundreds of singers and bands who were copying the Detroit sound of Motown pop.

Lesser punishments are lines ( copying out a hundred lines from a Latin text by the classical author Virgil ), or for really serious infractions among the older forms a ' book ' ( copying out a complete Latin text by Virgil, which might be up to 952 lines.

A levy was introduced on blank audio tapes used for private copying and exclusive book distributors were granted protection in Canada.

A subsequent claim was made by Ron Westrum in his book " Sidewinder " that the Soviets obtained the plans for Sidewinder from Swedish Colonel and convicted spy Stig Wennerström, and rushed their version into service by 1961 copying it so closely that even the part numbers were duplicated.