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The coronal discharges identified as Kirlian auras are the result of stochastic electric ionization processes, and are greatly affected by many factors, including the voltage and frequency of the stimulus, the pressure with which a person or object touches the imaging surface, the local humidity around the object being imaged, how well grounded the person or object is, and other local factors affecting the conductivity of the person or object being imaged.
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coronal and discharges
Kirlian photography is a collection of photographic techniques used to capture the phenomenon of electrical coronal discharges.
Kirlian's experiments did not provide evidence for an energy field other than the electric fields produced by chemical processes, and the streaming process of coronal discharges.
coronal and identified
The solar regions which are not part of active regions and coronal holes are commonly identified as the quiet Sun.
In 1978, α Cen was identified as a low-activity coronal source.
coronal and are
The E-corona ( E for emission ) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma ; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.
Associated with sunspots are coronal loops, loops of magnetic flux, upwelling from the solar interior.
The active regions are ensembles of loop structures connecting points of opposite magnetic polarity in the photosphere, the so called coronal loops.
The active regions involve all the phenomena directly linked to the magnetic field, which occur at different heights on the Sun's surface: sunspots and faculae, happening in the photosphere, spicules, Hα filaments and plages in the chromosphere, prominences in the chromosphere and transition region, and flares and coronal mass ejections happening in the corona and chromosphere, but if flares are very violent can perturb also the photosphere and generate a Moreton wave, as described by Uchida.
These loops are the closed-magnetic flux cousins of the open-magnetic flux that can be found in coronal hole ( polar ) regions and the solar wind.
Usually coronal loops lasting for long periods of time are known as steady state or quiescent coronal loops, where there is a balance in loop energy sources and sinks ( example ).
However, it remains difficult to find a solution to the coronal heating problem as these structures are being observed remotely, where many ambiguities are present ( i. e. radiation contributions along the LOS ).
Large-scale structures are very long arcs which can cover over a quarter of the solar disk but contain plasma less dense than in the coronal loops of the active regions.
Some other features of this kind are helmet streamers — large cap-like coronal structures with long pointed peaks that usually overlie sunspots and active regions.
In the UV images of the coronal holes, some small structures, similar to elongated bubbles, are often seen as they were suspended in the solar wind.
These are the coronal plumes.
Approaching the minimum of the solar cycle ( also named butterfly cycle ), the extension of the quiet Sun increases until it covers the whole disk surface excluding some bright points on the hemisphere and the poles, where there are the coronal holes.
All sibilants are coronal, but may be dental, alveolar, postalveolar, or palatal ( retroflex ) within that range.
Fricatives at coronal ( front of tongue ) places of articulation are usually, though not always, sibilants.
That happens in magnetic storms, when following an eruption on the sun ( a " coronal mass ejection " or a " solar flare "— details are still debated, see MSPF ) a fast-moving plasma cloud hits the Earth.
Unlike the passive articulation, which is a continuum, there are five discrete active articulators: the lip ( labial consonants ), the flexible front of the tongue ( coronal consonants: laminal, apical, and subapical ), the middle – back of the tongue ( dorsal consonants ), the root of the tongue together with the epiglottis ( radical consonants ), and the larynx ( laryngeal consonants ).
The distinction between the various coronal articulations, laminal, apical, and supapical, are however a continuum without clear boundaries.
However, there are exceptions: Colloquial Samoan lacks the coronal, and several North American languages, such as the northern Iroquoian and southern Iroquoian languages ( i. e., Cherokee ), lack the labial.
Cloud iridescence is caused by diffraction, occurring along coronal rings when the particles in the clouds are all uniform in size.
coronal and result
The geomagnetic storm causing this event was itself the result of a coronal mass ejection, ejected from the Sun on March 9, 1989.
In general, all of these events ( including the CME ) are thought to be the result of a large-scale restructuring of the magnetic field ; the presence or absence of a CME during one of these restructures would reflect the coronal environment of the process ( i. e., can the eruption be confined by overlying magnetic structure, or will it simply break through and enter the solar wind ).
The solar K-corona is the result of the Thomson scattering of solar radiation from solar coronal electrons.
coronal and electric
St. Elmo's fire ( also St. Elmo's light ) is a weather phenomenon in which luminous plasma is created by a coronal discharge from a sharp or pointed object in a strong electric field in the atmosphere ( such as those generated by thunderstorms or created by a volcanic eruption ).
Ion wind, ionic wind, or coronal wind is a stream of ionized fluid generated by a strong electric field.
coronal and ionization
It was not until the 1930s that Walter Grotrian and Bengt Edlén discovered that the spectral line at 530. 3 nm was due to highly ionized iron ( Fe < sup > 13 +</ sup >); other unusual lines in the coronal spectrum were also caused by highly-charged ions, such as nickel, the high ionization being due to the extreme temperature of the solar corona.
coronal and processes
Stars already lose a small flow of mass via solar wind, coronal mass ejections, and other natural processes.
One of the more common harmony processes is coronal harmony.
coronal and affected
When scoliosis is suspected, weight-bearing full-spine AP / coronal ( front-back view ) and lateral / sagittal ( side view ) X-rays are usually taken to assess the scoliosis curves and the kyphosis and lordosis, as these can also be affected in individuals with scoliosis.
It is usually found on the buccal ( cheek ) side of the teeth and on tooth surfaces that are adjacent to incisors and canines ; eventually, the coronal tooth area, near the crown, can be affected by the decay.
coronal and by
The fact that the Sun has a million-degree corona was first discovered by Gotrian in 1939 and Bengt Edlén in 1941 by identifying the coronal lines ( observed since 1869 ) as transitions from low-lying metastable levels of the ground configuration of highly ionized metals ( the green FeXIV line at 5303 Å, but also the red line FeX at 6374 Å ).
Since the corona has been photographated at high resolution in the X-rays by the satellite Skylab in 1973, and then later by Yohkoh and the other following space instruments, it has been seen that the structure of the corona is very various and complex: different zones have been immediately classified on the coronal disc
A portrait as diversified as the one already pointed out for the coronal features is emphasized by the analysis of the dynamics of the main structures of the corona, which evolve in times very different among them.
Current wisdom has it that the massive coronal main sequence stars are late-A or early F stars, a conjecture that is supported both by observation and by theory.
It is thought that the energy necessary to heat the corona is provided by turbulent motion in the convection zone below the photosphere, and two main mechanisms have been proposed to explain coronal heating.
They are mainly followed by a colossal coronal mass ejection also known as a CME.
Solar energetic particles, accelerated by coronal mass ejections or solar flares, are also an important driver of space weather as they can damage electronics onboard spacecraft ( e. g. Galaxy 15 failure ), and threaten the life of astronauts.
It was observed passing perihelion by the SOHO Sun-observing satellite, which also recorded a large coronal mass ejection being formed at the same time.
However, the spacecraft also carried three arrays of collectors which were deployed when specific “ regimes ” ( fast, slow, coronal mass ejections ) of solar wind were encountered, as determined by the electron-and ion-monitors on board.
Image: Gray321. png | Symphysis pubis exposed by a coronal section.
In haptorians the mouth is typically surrounded by a ring of coronal cilia, arising from dikinetids derived from the anterior of the body kineties, and a ring of characteristic extrusomes called toxicysts.
It represents a measure of diffuse, nonradiative heating of the coronal plasma trapped by magnetic fields over active regions, and is an excellent indicator of overall solar activity levels.
Complex coronal magnetic field structures evolve in response to fluid motions at the solar surface, and emergence of magnetic flux produced by dynamo action in the solar interior.
For reasons not yet understood in detail, sometimes these structures lose stability, leading to coronal mass ejections into interplanetary space, or flares, caused by sudden localized release of magnetic energy driving copious emission of ultraviolet and X-ray radiation as well as energetic particles.
The occurrence frequency of coronal mass ejections and flares is strongly modulated by the solar activity cycle.
Current knowledge of coronal mass ejection kinematics indicates that the ejection starts with an initial pre-acceleration phase characterized by a slow rising motion, followed by a period of rapid acceleration away from the Sun until a near-constant velocity is reached.
0.314 seconds.