The Court, by a vote of 5-4, per Justice John Marshall Harlan II, overturned the appellate court's ruling.

Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes wrote the majority opinion in the case, which reversed the lower court's ruling in a 5-4 decision.

The US Supreme Court decision was 5-4, with the court's members nearly evenly divided in their opinions on whether the practice of California and many other U. S. states violates civil rights ( as understood in the United States ) or not.

The petition is made to a higher court for the purpose of overturning the lower court's decision.

In general, the appellee takes the procedural posture that the lower court's decision should be affirmed.

An appeal " by leave " or " permission " requires the appellant to obtain leave to appeal ; in such a situation either or both of the lower court and the appellate court may have the discretion to grant or refuse the appellant's demand to appeal the lower court's decision.

It is distinguished from judicial review, which refers to the court's overriding constitutional or statutory right to determine if a legislative act or administrative decision is defective for jurisdictional or other reasons ( which may vary by jurisdiction ).

In some cases, an appellate court may review a lower court decision " de novo " ( or completely ), challenging even the lower court's findings of fact.

Under this standard, the appellate court gives deference to the lower court's view of the evidence, and reverses its decision only if it were a clear abuse of discretion.

On the other hand, the appellate court normally gives less deference to a lower court's decision on issues of law, and may reverse if it finds that the lower court applied the wrong legal standard.

The mandate is distinguished from the appeal court's opinion, which sets out the legal reasoning for its decision.

The court's opinion made explicit, in its obiter dicta, that the term " militia ", as used in colonial times in this originalist decision, included both the federally-organized militia and the citizen-organized militias of the several States: "... the ' militia ' in colonial America consisted of a subset of ' the people '— those who were male, able-bodied, and within a certain age range " ( 7 ) ...

The U. S. was legally bound by the court's decision, had signed the treaty and made use of the court in other cases.

For example, if a statutory provision or precedent had not been brought to the previous court's attention before its decision, the precedent would not be binding.

On April 9, 2009, the court's decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

In cases such as unfairly or illegally concealing evidence, there is no error on the part of the court but the court's decision may still be vacated and the matter returned for a new trial, because there is no other way for justice to be granted.

The top court's decision was controversial as the Senegalese constitutional amendment, which places a two-term limit on the presidential office, was established about a year after Wade came into power in 2000.

On June 26, 1997, the Supreme Court upheld the Philadelphia court's decision in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, stating that the indecency provisions were an unconstitutional abridgement of the First Amendment right to free speech because they did not permit parents to decide for themselves what material was acceptable for their children, extended to non-commercial speech, and did not define " patently offensive ," a term with no prior legal meaning.

In response to the court's decision in Baker and the legislature's enactment of civil unions, opponents of the legal recognition of same-sex unions formed an opposition organization called Take Back Vermont.

Royal justices supervised trials, answered questions as to law and announced the court's decision which was subject to appeal.

In 1989, the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional because Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 " one man, one vote " decision.

The Spanish Court of Appeals rejected the lower court's decision, and on appeal in April 2010 the Supreme Court of Spain upheld the Court of Appeals decision against conducting an official inquiry into the IDF's targeted killing of Shehadeh.

Thus, a civil action or appeal in which the court's decision will not affect the rights of the parties is ordinarily beyond the power of the court to decide, provided it does not fall within one of the recognized exceptions.

In March 1937, Associate Justice Owen Roberts, who had previously sided with the court's four conservative justices, shocked the American public by siding with Hughes and the court's three liberal justices in striking down the court's previous decision in the 1923 case Adkins v. Children's Hospital, which held that minimum wage laws where a violation of the Fifth Amendment's due process clause and were thus unconstitutional, and upheld the constitutionality of Washington state's minimum wage law in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish.

In spite of widespread speculation that Roberts only agreed to join the court's majority in upholding New Deal legislation, such as the Social Security Act, during the spring of 1937 because of the court packing plan, Hughes wrote in his autobiographical notes that Roosevelt's court reform proposal " had not the slightest effect on our court's decision " in the Parrish case and that the delayed announcement of the decision created the false impression that the Court had retreated under fire.

The case was remanded to the District Court which did not apply the superior court's criteria ( on the grounds that in the interim, the Supreme Court had changed the applicable law ).

The ICJ judgment was backed up by the United Nations, whose charter potentially allowed sanctions or even the use of force to enforce the court's ruling.

The court's judgement was implemented without delay, the two parties signing as early as 4 April an agreement concerning the practical modalities for the implementation of the judgement.

They brought with them the Old Church Slavonic liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox Christian religion, written Slavic language, the version of which known as Chancery Slavonic was to serve the Lithuanian court's document-producing needs for a few centuries, and developed laws, turning Vilnius into a major center of their civilization.

This was the first time in the court's history it had ruled as such.

This was a relief for Nobunaga because he could now focus on Yoshiaki, who had openly declared hostility more than once, despite the imperial court's intervention.

To prevent the appearance of any bias in the court's makeup, if there was a judge belonging to one member state on the panel and the other member state was not " represented ", they had the ability to select an ad hoc judge of their own nationality to hear the case.

In Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York, the highest courts formerly used variations of the term " Court of Errors ," which indicated that the court's primary purpose was to correct the errors of lower courts.

* Saddam and his lawyers ' contesting the court's authority and maintaining that he was still the President of Iraq.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In a Washington Post-ABC News poll in early February 2010 it was found that roughly 80 % of Americans were opposed to the January 2010 Supreme court's ruling.

A federal district court's ruling that only González's father, and not his extended relatives, could petition for asylum on the boy's behalf was upheld by the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.