The Washington state supreme court ruled that the state's occupation tax applied to sales, made at cost to an oil company, by a wholly-owned subsidiary set up to purchase certain supplies without divulging the identity of the parent.

) The court first ruled that the strike constituted only an indirect interference with commerce.

Therefore, if a lower court has ruled in an improper manner, or against legal precedent, that judgment will stand if not appealed – even if it might have been overturned on appeal.

In 746, Carloman ended an uprising by summarily executing all Alemannic nobility at the blood court at Cannstatt, and for the following century, Alemannia was ruled by Frankish dukes.

The Court ruled, " Although an Alford plea allows a defendant to plead guilty amid assertions of innocence, it does not require a court to accept those assertions.

In 2005, a California federal court ruled that a group alleging that anthroposophy is a religion for Establishment Clause purposes did not provide any legally admissible evidence in support of this view ; the case is under appeal.

In 2000, a French court ruled that a government minister's description of anthroposophy as a cult was defamatory.

A provincial court ruled that the Lord's Day Act was unconstitutional, but the Crown proceeded to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada.

In December 1978, the federal district court ruled in the university's favor ; two years later, that decision was overturned by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.

In contrast, on July 21, 2010, in a lawsuit involving whether college cheerleading qualified as a sport for purposes of Title IX, a federal court, citing a current lack of program development and organization, ruled that it does not, but may in the future.

In 1998, a United States federal district court in Virginia ruled that the imposition of mandatory filtering in a public library violates the First Amendment of the U. S. Bill of Rights.

In the 2011 court case AT & T Mobility v. Concepcion, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the Federal Arbitration Act of 1925 preempts state laws that prohibit contracts from disallowing class action lawsuits, which will make it more difficult for consumers to file class action lawsuits.

Courts have ruled as excessive and invalidated damages which the parties contracted as liquidated, but which the court nonetheless found to be penal.

However, a French court ruled, in June 1990, that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989, for the tower's 100th anniversary, was an " original visual creation " protected by copyright.

This was later reversed during 2002 in a landmark case before the US Supreme Court, Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, in which the divided court, in a 5-4 decision, ruled the Ohio school voucher plan constitutional and removed any constitutional barriers to similar voucher plans in the future, with moderate justices Anthony Kennedy and Sandra Day O ' Connor and conservative justices William Rehnquist, Antonin Scalia, and Clarence Thomas in the majority.

The court ruled that the painting “ an ominous creature like a rat ” amounts to “ an organized criminal activity " and upheld the fine while denying the prosecution's request for imprisonment for Park.

As early as 1935, however, a Prussian administrative court had ruled that the Gestapo's actions were not subject to judicial review.

The Marshall court ruled that while Native American tribes were sovereign nations ( Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831 ), state laws had no force on tribal lands ( Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 ).

In the landmark case of Frendak v. United States, the court ruled that the insanity defense cannot be imposed upon an unwilling defendant if an intelligent defendant voluntarily wishes to forego the defense.

2004 ), the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit the court ruled persons found not guilty by reason of insanity and later want to challenge their confinement may not attack their initial successful insanity defense:

In Wainwright v. Greenfield, the Court ruled that it was fundamentally unfair for the prosecutor to comment during the court proceedings on the petitioner's silence invoked as a result of a Miranda warning.

In the Durham case, the court ruled that a defendant is entitled to acquittal if the crime was the product of his mental illness ( i. e., crime would not have been committed but for the disease ).

The court ruled in Carpenter: " It is well established, as a general proposition, that a person who acquires special knowledge or information by virtue of a confidential or fiduciary relationship with another is not free to exploit that knowledge or information for his own personal benefit but must account to his principal for any profits derived therefrom.

Fewer than a third of all Russians regarded Stalin as a " murderous tyrant "; however, a Russian court in 2009, ruling on a suit by Stalin's grandson, Yevgeny Dzhugashvili, against the newspaper, Novaya Gazeta, ruled that referring to Stalin as a " bloodthirsty cannibal " was not libel.

The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides " The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

The constitution expanded citizens ' basic rights, including that of " tutela ," under which an immediate court action can be requested by an individual if he or she feels that their constitutional rights are being violated and if there is no other legal recourse.

Direct contempt is distinctly different from indirect contempt, wherein another individual may file papers alleging contempt against a person who has willfully violated a lawful court order.

A program launched in the city of Cleveland in 1995 and authorized by the state of Ohio was challenged in court on the grounds that it violated both the federal constitutional principle of separation of church and state and the guarantee of religious liberty in the Ohio Constitution.

The 2010 court case United States v. Banki dealt with the question of whether hawala transactions violated the current U. S. sanctions against trade with Iran.

In 2011, a South African court banned " Dubulu iBhunu ( Shoot the Boer )," a derogatory song degrading Afrikaners, on the basis that it violated a South African law prohibiting speech that demonstrates a clear intention to be hurtful, to incite harm, or to promote hatred.

On August 30, 2007, a group of JPL employees filed suit in federal court against NASA, Caltech, and the Department of Commerce, claiming their Constitutional rights were being violated by new, overly invasive background investigations.

The court also found that the United States violated the Vienna Convention through its application of procedural default.

The Arizona program was challenged in court by a group of state taxpayers on the grounds that the tax credit violated the First Amendment because the tuition grants could go to students who attend private schools including schools with religious affiliations.

When called to the court by a player or team captain, the referee may overrule the umpire's decision if the tennis rules were violated ( question of law ) but may not change the umpire's decision on a question of fact.

In arguing before the Supreme Court, Gitlow contended that " the statute as construed and applied by the trial court penalize the mere utterance, as such, of ' doctrine ' having no quality of incitement, without regard to the circumstances of its utterance or to the likelihood of the unlawful sequences " While acknowledging " liberty of expression ' is not absolute ,'" he maintained " it may be restrained ' only in instances where its exercise bears a causal relation with some substantive evil, consummated, attempted or likely '" As the statute took no account of the circumstances under which the offending literature was written, it violated the First Amendment.

1, § 20 represents an important public policy " which the Newspaper violated " when it terminated employment because they exercised free speech " In examining the court precedent, the Wyoming Supreme Court concluded that " erminating an at-will employee for exercising his right to free speech by refusing to follow a legal directive of an employer on the employer's premises during working hours does not violate public policy.

In Strunk v. United States,, the Supreme Court ruled that if the reviewing court finds that a defendant's right to a speedy trial was violated, then the indictment must be dismissed and / or the conviction overturned.

This claim was challenged in court and the Chief Justice declared that Muldoon's actions were illegal as they had violated Article 1 of the Bill of Rights, which provides " that the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority ... is illegal.

The European Court of Human Rights ( ECtHR ; ) in Strasbourg is a supra-national court established by the European Convention on Human Rights and hears complaints that a contracting state has violated the human rights enshrined in the Convention and its protocols.

After helping her husband with another unsuccessful parliamentary campaign, Pankhurst faced legal troubles in 1896 when she and two men violated a court order against ILP meetings at Boggart Hole Clough.

The court found that exercise of the line-item veto is tantamount to a unilateral amendment or repeal of only parts of statutes authorizing federal spending, and was therefore violated the Presentment Clause of the United States Constitution.

Muhammad Amin Al-Husayni was charged with inciting the Arab crowds with an inflammatory speech and sentenced by military court held in camera ( private ) to ten years imprisonment in absentia, since he had already violated his bail by fleeing to Transjordan to avoid arrest.

Ventura's attorney has claimed that while he is not seeking any monetary compensation, Ventura wants an acknowledgment from the court that his rights were violated and that the TSA halt future pat-downs on him.

While the latter ruling was famously defied by Jackson, the actions of the Jackson administration were not isolated because state and federal officials had violated treaties without consequence, often attributed to military exigency, as the members of individual Native American nations were not automatically United States citizens and were rarely given standing in any U. S. court.

A court ruling found that such a venture violated zoning laws, and the town denied Rahl a variance.

The court also found that Russia had violated Article 2 of the European human rights convention when handling the hostage crisis, " with inadequate planning and conduct of the rescue operation ", and with the " authorities ’ failure to conduct an effective investigation into the rescue operation ", although the Court found that there had been " no violation of Article 2 of the Convention on account of the decision by the authorities to resolve the hostage crisis by force and to use the gas.

Cohens v. Virginia,, was a United States Supreme Court decision most noted for John Marshall and the Court's assertion of its power to review state supreme court decisions in criminal law matters when the defendant claims that their Constitutional rights have been violated.

On May 13, 1965, the Bundesgerichtshof ( highest German court of appeals ) refused to open trial against Augstein and Ahlers, ruling that during the affair Strauss had violated the boundaries and committed Freiheitsberaubung ( deprivation of personal freedom ); however, because of his belief of acting lawfully ( Verbotsirrtum ), he was exempt from punishment.