* Bar, a historic duchy of both the Holy Roman Empire and the crown of France ; see Counts and Dukes of Bar

Thus the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty,

They lived in an isolated patch of eastern France that remained loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by Burgundian lands.

Heraclius offered the " keys of the Holy Sepulchre, those of the Tower of David and the banner of the Kingdom of Jerusalem ", but not the crown itself, to both Philip II of France and Henry II of England ; the latter, as a grandson of Fulk, was a first cousin of the royal family of Jerusalem, and had promised to go on crusade after the murder of Thomas Becket.

It settled the succession to the French crown and laid the basis for the formation of the modern nation of France.

In a measure of some desperation, despite the tenuousness of his claim and despite the fact that he was French, they offered the crown of England to Prince Louis of France.

On Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of the Knights Templar were arrested in France, an action apparently motivated financially and undertaken by the efficient royal bureaucracy to increase the prestige of the crown.

The fruits of it, namely the submission of the south of France to the crown, were to be reaped by Philip's son, Louis VIII, and grandson, Louis IX, the successive kings of France.

It was also traditional for the King of France to crown his successor whilst he himself was still alive, making the intended line of succession relatively clear, but this was not the case in England.

At that point, a decisive victory for Austria, uniting the Holy Roman Empire with the Spanish crown, would have upset the balance of power just as much as a victory for France.

There was a fear that France would launch an invasion of Hanover, which was linked to Britain through the crown of George II.

* With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou reverts to the French crown under Louis XI of France.

* Guernsey and Jersey decide, after a plebiscite of wealthy land owners, to remain with the English crown after Normandy was recaptured by Philip II of France.

* May 16 – Fireworks lit by Eric Engelbrecht, at the wedding of the crown prince of France in Paris, cause a fire, killing 132 people.

On Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of the Knights Templar were arrested in France, an action apparently motivated financially and undertaken by the efficient royal bureaucracy to increase the prestige of the crown.

The Duchy of Burgundy was also claimed by the French crown under Salic Law, with Louis XI, King of France vigorously contesting the Habsburg claim to the Burgundian inheritance by means of military force.

A last effort on the part of John to possess himself of it, in 1214, led to the taking of Angers ( 17 June ), but broke down lamentably at the battle of La Roche-aux-Moines ( 2 July ), and the countship was attached to the crown of France.

On 16 December 1325, Charles died, leaving Anjou to his eldest son Philip of Valois, on whose recognition as king of France ( Philip VI ) on 1 April 1328, the countship of Anjou was again united to the crown.

* The County of Toulouse is returned to the crown of France.

Otto II then had Charles crown as King of France by Theodoric I, Bishop of Metz.

In 1214, King Philip II of France defeated the Count of Flanders in the Battle of Bouvines and forced his submission to the French crown.

In many parts of France the rule of nobles held sway rather than that of the crown.

Stanislas lost the Polish crown, but he was given the Duchy of Lorraine as compensation, which would pass to France after his death.

After these treatments the conjugate did not stain healthy or crown gall sweet clover tissues or stained them a very faint green which was easily distinguishable from the bright yellow-green specific staining.

The specificity of staining in WTV tumors with Af and Af but not with NS and Af or with antiserum to potato yellow-dwarf virus and Af, and the absence of such staining in crown gall tumor tissue from sweet-clover, indicate that an antigen of WTV was being stained.

The specificity of staining with Af was established as follows: Af specifically stained tumor sections but not sections of healthy sweet clover stems or of crown gall tumor tissue from sweet clover.

Her veil was caught to a crown, and she carried gardenias and stephanotis.

The bay laurel plant was used in expiatory sacrifices and in making the crown of victory at these games.

Fischer insisted that the match be the first to ten wins ( draws not counting ), but that the champion would retain the crown if the score was tied 9 – 9.

Around 250 BC, Archimedes was commissioned by the king to find a way to check the purity of the gold in a crown, leading to the famous bath-house shouting of " Eureka!

As was customary among the Lombards, Alboin took the crown after an election by the tribe's freemen, who traditionally selected the king from the dead sovereign's clan.

On the death of Edgar in 1107 he succeeded to the Scottish crown ; but, in accordance with Edgar's instructions, their brother David was granted an appanage in southern Scotland.

Their party was defeated ( 2 May 1182 ), but Andronikos Komnenos, a first cousin of Emperor Manuel, took advantage of these disorders to aim at the crown, entered Constantinople, where he was received with almost divine honours, and overthrew the government.

In 1138, Ali ibn Yusuf was defeated by Alfonso VII of León, and in the Battle of Ourique ( 1139 ), by Afonso I of Portugal, who thereby won his crown.

He also vanquished Alfonso VII of León, came to the rescue of his mother, whose nephew he was, and thus freed the kingdom from political dependence on the crown of his cousin of León.

She was never considered legitimate and, when the king was dying, no one took her as a serious contender for the crown.

Her half-aunt, the future Queen Isabella I of Castile, was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile.

It was probably his wife who persuaded him to conspire against his brother again, but when King Emeric, who had realised that Andrew's troops outnumbered his armies, went unarmed, wearing only the crown and the sceptre, to Andrew's camp near Varasd, Andrew immediately surrendered.

He was granted lands by the crown, and built the first fortification of the city that evolved into modern-day Copenhagen.

One possibility was that they should revert to the crown, another that they should be redistributed to his family.

The latter was claimed by Charles of Anjou, but in 1283 Parlement decided that the County of Toulouse should revert to the crown, if there were no male heirs.

There is some doubt as to the origin of the name ; but most probably it is derived from a collection of Alexandrine romances, collected in the 12th century, of which Alexander the Great was the hero, and in which he was represented, somewhat like the British Arthur, as the pride and crown of chivalry.

In the meantime, Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession, but Formosus, still desiring to crown Arnulf, was imprisoned in Castel Sant ' Angelo.

Prince, Field-Marshal Abbas Mirza ( عباس میرزا in Persian ) born Navaa village ( August 26, 1789 – October 25, 1833 ), was a Qajar crown prince of Persia.