A study of the distribution of WTV antigen within the pseudophloem cells indicates that it is irregularly distributed in the cytoplasm.

The effect of adrenaline is via a G protein signaling cascade, which transmits chemical signals from outside the cell across the membrane to the inside of the cell ( cytoplasm ).

The cytoplasm is about 70 % to 90 % water and usually transparent.

It is within the cytoplasm that most cellular activities occur, such as many metabolic pathways including glycolysis, and processes such as cell division.

The part of the cytoplasm that is not held within organelles is called the cytosol.

Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is thought to be a signaling activity for metabolic processes.

The cytosol is the portion of the cytoplasm not contained within membrane-bound organelles.

The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm. Proteins in different cellular compartment s and structures tagged with green fluorescent protein

Calcium is essential for living organisms, in particular in cell physiology, where movement of the calcium ion Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > into and out of the cytoplasm functions as a signal for many cellular processes.

Such a soluble cell extract is not identical to the soluble part of the cell cytoplasm and is usually called a cytoplasmic fraction.

The term cytosol is now used to refer to the liquid phase of the cytoplasm in an intact cell, this excludes any part of the cytoplasm that is contained within organelles.

The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to collisions with the large numbers of macromolecules in the cytosol.

M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's chromosomes are divided between the two sister cells, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides in half forming distinct cells.

Unlike other heliozoans, the microtubules are not in any regular geometric array, there does not appear to be a microtubule organizing center, and there is no distinction between the outer and inner cytoplasm.

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.

In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane.

The idea that protoplasm is divisible into a ground substance called " cytoplasm " and a structural body called the cell nucleus reflects the more primitive knowledge of cell structure that preceded the development of electron microscopy, when it seemed that cytoplasm was a homogeneous fluid and the existence of most sub-cellular compartments, or how cells maintain their shape, was unknown.

Histopathology: Toxic ATN is characterized by proximal tubular epithelium necrosis ( no nuclei, intense eosinophilic homogeneous cytoplasm, but preserved shape ) due to a toxic substance ( poisons, organic solvents, drugs, heavy metals ).

The Nissl substance ( rough endoplasmic reticulum ) appears dark blue due to the staining of ribosomal RNA, giving the cytoplasm a mottled appearance.

All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms ( which lack a cell nucleus ) are contained within the cytoplasm.

The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and unifies its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton ( which includes nuclear lamina ), a meshwork within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.

They can be found alone or in groups within the cytoplasm as well as on the RER.

The aerobic bacterium flourished within the cell because the cell's cytoplasm was abundant in half-digested food molecules.

Found within the cytoplasm of both plant and animal cells, the Golgi is composed of stacks of membrane-bound structures known as cisternae ( singular: cisterna ).

The interaction of hormone and receptor typically triggers a cascade of secondary effects within the cytoplasm of the cell, often involving phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of various other cytoplasmic proteins, changes in ion channel permeability, or increased concentrations of intracellular molecules that may act as secondary messengers ( e. g., cyclic AMP ).

For hormones such as steroid or thyroid hormones, their receptors are located intracellularly within the cytoplasm of their target cell.

This protein is normally found within the nucleus but in IBM is found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Lafora disease is distinguished by the presence of inclusions called " Lafora bodies " within the cytoplasm, the viscous fluidic matrix inside of cells.

However, near a refractive boundary ( say a nucleus within the cytoplasm ), the difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary beam will generate a relief in the image.

These energy-rich molecules are produced within the matrix via the citric acid cycle but are also produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis.

Microtubules are part of a structural network ( the cytoskeleton ) within the cell's cytoplasm.

For reference, the syntheses of the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are carried out by several enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell, not within a specific organelle.

In eukaryotes, the process takes place both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleolus, which is a region within the cell nucleus.

Most steroid hormones have receptors within the cytoplasm and act by stimulating the binding of their receptors to the promoter region of steroid-responsive genes.

These result in either the activation of an enzyme in the receptor or the exposure of a binding site for other intracellular signaling proteins within the cell, eventually propagating the signal through the cytoplasm.

When activated, toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) take adapter molecules within the cytoplasm of cells in order to propagate a signal.

With rare exceptions, plant cells also have a central vacuole, cytoplasm, cytosol, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, microfilaments, microtubules, mitochondria, plasma membrane, plastids, protoplasm, ribosomes, storage products, and a cell wall.

Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the nucleoplasm.

Cells interact though plasmodesma ( ta ), which are inter-connecting channels of cytoplasm that connect to the protoplasts of adjacent cells across the cell wall.

The algae live inside the cell, in the cytoplasm.

This pit then buds into the cell to form a coated vesicle in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Endotoxins reside in the cell cytoplasm and are released when the cell dies and the cell wall disintegrates.