Some altered states occur naturally ; others can be produced by drugs or brain damage.

DNA is also indirectly damaged by reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet A, which has energy too low to damage DNA directly.

This is why ultraviolet at all wavelengths can damage DNA, and is capable of causing cancer, and ( for UVB ) skin burns ( sunburn ) which are far worse than would be produced by simple heating ( temperature increase ) effects.

The amount of crystallographic damage can be enough to completely amorphize the surface of the target: i. e. it can become an amorphous solid ( such a solid produced from a melt is called a glass ).

Lammas leaves or Lammas growth refers to a second crop of leaves produced in high summer by some species of trees in temperate countries to replace those lost to insect damage.

Comparing this yield to the observed damage produced a rule of thumb called the 5 psi lethal area rule.

" It is the afferent activity produced in the peripheral and central nervous systems by stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue.

In general, however, ionizing radiation is far more harmful to living organisms per unit of energy deposited than non-ionizing radiation, since the ions that are produced by ionizing radiation, even at low radiation powers, have the potential to cause DNA damage.

Based on the degree of damage left behind, it is estimated that the dust devil produced winds as high as 75 mph ( 120 km / h ), which is equivalent to an EF0 tornado.

With age, use and ultraviolet damage, the hard end can crack and the sharp edges so produced can cut the hands in use, especially if the end runs through the palms.

A significant winter storm on 18 July 1965 also produced very heavy snow and ice in the area, with damage to buildings and major difficulties with road and rail transport.

669 Kommandeurwagens were produced up to 1945, when all production was halted because of heavy damage to the factory by Allied air raids.

While it produced F5 damage in South Oklahoma City, damage in Midwest City was rated F4 with numerous destroyed homes and three fatalities.

Meanwhile, at the back of the factory, where the guidance system was being produced, no damage was done.

Although there are debates concerning the physics of both edge polishes and edge damage which draw on the science of tribology, modern microwear analysis usually depends on the comparisons of the edge wear of modern experimentally produced samples with archaeological and / or ethnographic tools.

Following damage to the castle mint in 1648 there was a short-lived mint located at the actual silver mine in Aberystwyth in 1648 / 9, but no records have survived of what coins were produced there.

The blast produced by vaporizing metallic components can break bones and irreparably damage internal organs.

In 1940, Gray, who had been studying the effect of neutron damage on human tissue, together with Mayneord and Read published a paper in which a unit of measure, dubbed the " gram roentgen " ( symbol: gr ) defined as " that amount of neutron radiation which produces an increment in energy in unit volume of tissue equal to the increment of energy produced in unit volume of water by one roentgen of radiation " was proposed.

The 1994 Northridge earthquake, struck on January 17 and measured 6. 7 on the Richter Scale and produced the largest ground motions ever recorded in an urban environment and caused the greatest damage in the United States since the 1906 San Francisco.

and the increase in average costs for all units produced due to the “ damage ” to the entire productive process (∂ AC /∂ q ) q.

Other interesting observations include those of ABS Consulting engineers who suggest that glazing damage may have been produced by " organized " vortices produced by the upwind Calpine Center and steady vortices between the Tower and the Chase Center parking garage.

Because neurotoxic venoms must travel farther in the body to do harm and are produced in smaller quantities, it is easier to develop resistance to them than directly cytotoxic venoms ( such as those of most vipers ) that are injected in large quantity and do damage immediately upon injection.

The loss in growth of sawtimber because of damage by destructive agencies in the United States in 1952 was estimated to be about 44 billion board feet.

Man may also be injured secondarily by damage to his food crops or domestic animals.

Too much damage is done by `` experts '' who have spent even less time, if any at all, in the U.S.S.R..

The damage caused by Sherman's March to the Sea through Georgia in 1864 was limited to a swath, but neither Lincoln nor his commanders saw destruction as the main goal, but rather defeat of the Confederate armies.

The largest structure ever made from adobe ( bricks ) was the Bam Citadel, which suffered serious damage ( up to 80 %) by an earthquake on December 26, 2003.

They are distinguished by the nerve cells affected ( upper and lower motor neuron ), and the symptoms that result from this damage:

Two of the five Albertosaurus sarcophagus specimens with humeri in 1970 were reported by Dale Russel as having pathological damage to them.

The pain from arthritis is due to inflammation that occurs around the joint, damage to the joint from disease, daily wear and tear of joint, muscle strains caused by forceful movements against stiff painful joints and fatigue.

The buildings of the Acropolis suffered significant damage during the 1687 siege by the Venetians in the Morean War.

The localizationist model attempts to classify the aphasia by major characteristics and then link these to areas of the brain in which the damage has been caused.

* Individuals with expressive aphasia ( also called Broca's aphasia ) were once thought to have frontal lobe damage, though more recent work by Dr. Nina Dronkers using imaging and ' lesion analysis ' has revealed that patients with Expressive aphasia have lesions to the medial insular cortex.

This type of aphasia is caused by brain damage that isolates the parts of the brain from other parts of the brain that are in charge of speech.

Armour or armor ( see spelling differences ) is protective covering used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or a vehicle through use of direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or action ( e. g., cycling, construction sites, etc .).

Shortly after the Thomas confirmation hearings, President George H. W. Bush dropped his opposition to a bill giving harassment victims the right to seek federal damage awards, back pay and reinstatement, and the law was passed by Congress.

Inevitably, the zinc coating becomes breached, either by cracking or physical damage.

The binding of nuclear receptors by glucocorticoids, heat, radiation, nutrient deprivation, viral infection, hypoxia and increased intracellular calcium concentration, for example, by damage to the membrane, can all trigger the release of intracellular apoptotic signals by a damaged cell.

p53 prevents the cell from replicating by stopping the cell cycle at G1, or interphase, to give the cell time to repair, however it will induce apoptosis if damage is extensive and repair efforts fail.

Police have subsequently been accused of brutality, torture and interference with the non-violent protests as a collateral damage provoked by the clash between the law enforcement ranks themselves and the more violent and brutal fringes of protesters, who repeatedly hid themselves amongst peaceful protesters of all ages and backgrounds.

Eight years have passed, and the city of Genoa is still trying to recover from the many damages provoked by the rioters, mainly devoted to crash cars, setting stores on fire, robbing banks and using any heavy or pointed object as a means to provoke damage to people and objects.

In some cases, that individual may take drastic measures to remove the offending appendages, either by causing irreparable damage to the limb so that medical intervention cannot save the limb, or by causing the limb to be severed.

Historian Garry Wills argued " Their nullification effort, if others had picked it up, would have been a greater threat to freedom than the misguided and sedition laws, which were soon rendered feckless by ridicule and electoral pressure " The theoretical damage of the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions was " deep and lasting, and was a recipe for disunion ".