For example, a fund may see that there is a substantial difference between U. S. dollar debt and local currency debt of a foreign country, and enter into a series of matching trades ( including currency swaps ) to arbitrage the difference, while simultaneously entering into credit default swaps to protect against country risk and other types of specific risk.

A closed bankruptcy may be reopened by motion of a creditor or the U. S. trustee if a debtor attempts to later assert ownership of such an " unscheduled asset " after being discharged of all debt in the bankruptcy.

Even though most proposals call for payments of less than the full amount of the debt owing, in most cases, the creditors will accept the deal, because if they do not, the next alternative may be personal bankruptcy, where the creditors will get even less money.

* Collection of payment, the actions of a creditor seeking to recoup a debt ; this may be handled by a Collection agency

Disadvantages: Requires judgement on choice of discount rate ; no explicit allowance for cost of debt capital, which may be much higher than a " risk-free " rate

Personal financial decisions may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.

Some graphemes may not represent any sound at all ( like the b in English debt ), and often the rules of correspondence between graphemes and phonemes become complex or irregular, particularly as a result of historical sound changes that are not necessarily reflected in spelling.

Hedge funds purchasing distressed debt may prevent those companies from going bankrupt, as such an acquisition deters foreclosure by banks.

Following artistic success and critical acclaim in the American independent film community, he achieved mainstream renown with his far-East philosophical crime film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, shot in Jersey City and starring Forest Whitaker as a young inner-city man who has found purpose for his life by unyieldingly conforming it to the Hagakure, an 18th-century philosophy text and training manual for samurai, becoming, as directed, a terrifyingly deadly hit-man for a local mob boss to whom he may owe a debt, and who then betrays him.

Since the 1950s, following the lead of D. W. Jefferson, there are those who argue that, whatever its legacy of influence may be, Tristram Shandy in its original context actually represents a resurgence of a much older, Renaissance tradition of " Learned Wit " – owing a debt to such influences as the Scriblerian approach.

* Cash on hand: it consumes financial slack ( excess cash or unused debt capacity ) and may decrease debt rating.

* It consumes financial slack, may decrease debt rating and increase cost of debt.

* Issue of stock: it increases financial slack, may improve debt rating and reduce cost of debt.

* Shares in treasury: it increases financial slack ( if they don ’ t have to be repurchased on the market ), may improve debt rating and reduce cost of debt.

Benedict's greatest debt, however, may be to the anonymous document known as the Rule of the Master, which Benedict seems to have radically excised, expanded, revised and corrected in the light of his own considerable experience and insight.

However, commentators pointed out that Spain's recovery was fragile, that the public debt was growing quickly, that troubled regional banks may need large bailouts, growth prospects were poor and therefore limiting revenue and that the central government has limited control over the spending of the regional governments.

The services required to repay the debt, and their duration, may be undefined.

Problems with debt may lead to homelessness and a fall into the vicious circle of poverty.

The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony ( spousal support ), child custody, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.

In our own time we have seen that the novelist's debt to psychoanalysis has increased but that the novel itself has not profited much from this marriage.

My father would have done it if it hadn't been for my mother, who had a fear of being in debt to anyone -- even Alfred Alpert.

When that fear has been removed by faith in Jesus Christ, when we know that He is our Savior, that He has paid our debt with His blood, that He has met the demands of God's justice and thus has turned His wrath away -- when we know that, we have peace with God in our hearts ; ;

The debt arrangements have been personally negotiated by ( then ) Defense Minister ( and now President ) Serge Sarkisian, Kocharian ’ s closest political associate.

Also, George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz ( another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents ) and David Korten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems.

Nehemiah sees that the Jewish nobles are oppressing the poor, and forces the cancellation of all debt and mortgages ; while previous governors have been corrupt and oppressive, he has been righteous and just.

Bankruptcy is filed when a person or a company becomes insolvent and cannot pay their debts as they become due and if they have at least $ 1, 000 in debt.

To apply for your own bankruptcy in Scotland you must have more than £ 1500 of debt.

Major international credit rating organizations have dropped Colombian sovereign debt below investment grade, primarily as a result of large fiscal deficits, which current policies are seeking to close.

The two recent conflicts ( the First and Second Congo Wars ), which began in 1996, have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, have increased external debt, and have resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war, and associated famine and disease.

Advantages: Simpler to apply if a specific project is being valued which does not have earmarked debt capital finance

Overspending on the Trans-Gabon ( Transgabonais ) Railway, the oil price of 1986, and the franc CFA devaluation of 1994 have caused debt problems.

Since then, and even in recent years, public spokesmen in Haiti as well as international academics and statesmen have denounced this event as the payment of an illegitimate debt, in several cases calling on the French government to repay it ( the French government has never been willing to repay it, though there was a hoax following the 2010 Haiti Earthquake involving a fake website purporting to offer reparation payment on behalf of the French Government ).

In fact, ongoing wasteful practices and an unsustainable debt, which was contracted to build infrastructure, appear to have undercut most conservation efforts.

There are widespread fears that a Greek default on its debt would have global repercussions, endangering the economies of many other countries in the European Union, threatening the stability of the European currency, the euro, and possibly plunging the world into another recession.

However, as the concept of odious debt is not accepted, trying to deal with the debt on those terms would have embroiled Iraq in legal disputes for years.

To promote this disposition to exchange lands, which they have to spare and we want, for necessaries, which we have to spare and they want, we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands.

John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church, but he ceased making payments in late 1214, leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid ; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship.

However, in the wake of the economic crisis of 2008, Greek government debt crisis, 2008 – 2012 Spanish financial crisis and European sovereign debt crisis, thinkers such as Terry Eagleton, David Harvey, and David McNally have given renewed impetus to the debate on whether Marx was right that capitalism inherently tends towards crisis ( which Marx discussed as the " contradictions of capital ").

With the Fund in hand, the debt on the boilers had been paid ; ;

Working for wages was clearly regarded as subjection to the will of another, but at least debt servitude had been abolished at Athens ( under the reforms of Solon at the start of the 6th century BC ).

Susan George of the Transnational Institute has also been a long-term influence on the movement, as the writer of books since 1986 on hunger, debt, international financial institutions and capitalism.

She has been repaying the debt from her housekeeping budget, and also from some work she got copying papers by hand, which she did secretly in her room, and took pride in her ability to earn money " as if she were a man.

It has been stressed that debt advice, a supervised rehabilitation period, financial education and social help to find sources of income and to manage household expenditures better need to be equally provided during this period of rehabilitation ( Reifner et al., 2003 ; Gerhardt, 2009 ; Frade, 2010 ).

The question of whether Domitian left the Roman Empire in debt or with a surplus at the time of his death has been fiercely debated.

By 1995, a billion cubic meters of the gas had been collected and the reserve was US $ 1. 4 billion in debt, prompting the Congress of the United States in 1996 to phase out the reserve.

By the end of 1909, an agreement had been reached providing for a reduction in the debt and the issuance of new 5 percent bonds: the bankers would control the Honduran railroad, and the United States government would guarantee continued Honduran independence and would take control of customer revenue.

When Madison assumed office in 1809, the federal government had a surplus of $ 9, 500, 000 and by 1810 the national debt continued to be reduced and taxes had been cut.

By the outbreak of World War I, one billion GM had been added to Germany's national debt because of naval expenditures.

The terms of the Treaty of Lausanne required the newly created states that acquired the territory detached from the Ottoman Empire to pay annuities on the Ottoman public debt and to assume responsibility for the administration of concessions that had been granted by the Ottomans.

According to Klein, in response to an economic crash in the 1980s ( Latin American debt crisis, Black Monday ( 1987 ), Savings and loan crisis Japanese asset price bubble ), corporations began to seriously rethink their approach to marketing, and began to target the youth demographic, as opposed to the baby boomers, who had previously been considered a much more valuable segment.

Historically, the country's economic performance has been tied to exports, which provide hard currency to finance imports and external debt payments.

The French government was also furious over the U. S. refusal to continue repaying its debt to France on the grounds that the debt had been owed to the French Crown, not to Republican France.

The Railtrack business ( and its £ 7 billion debt ) had been sold to Network Rail for £ 500 million, and the various diversified businesses it had created to seek to protect itself from the loss-making business of running a railway were disposed of to various buyers.

The Western Allies also expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, ( 1 ) upset at the withdrawal of Russia from the war effort, ( 2 ) worried about a possible Russo-German alliance, and perhaps most importantly ( 3 ) galvanised by the prospect of the Bolsheviks making good their threats to assume no responsibility for, and so default on, Imperial Russia's massive foreign loans ; the legal notion of odious debt had not yet been formulated.

An agreement rescheduling the country's $ 4. 5 billion Paris Club government debts was concluded in November 2001 ; it will write off 66 % of the debt ; a similar debt relief agreement on its $ 2. 8 billion London Club commercial debt has been reached in July 2004 ; 62 % of the debt had been written off.