An atom or ion that gives up an electron to another atom or ion has its oxidation state increase, and the recipient of the negatively charged electron has its oxidation state decrease.

Other reasons include: a ) changes in plant canopy caused by shifts in plant biomass production associated with moisture regime ; b ) changes in litter cover on the ground caused by changes in both plant residue decomposition rates driven by temperature and moisture dependent soil microbial activity as well as plant biomass production rates ; c ) changes in soil moisture due to shifting precipitation regimes and evapo-transpiration rates, which changes infiltration and runoff ratios ; d ) soil erodibility changes due to decrease in soil organic matter concentrations in soils that lead to a soil structure that is more susceptible to erosion and increased runoff due to increased soil surface sealing and crusting ; e ) a shift of winter precipitation from non-erosive snow to erosive rainfall due to increasing winter temperatures ; f ) melting of permafrost, which induces an erodible soil state from a previously non-erodible one ; and g ) shifts in land use made necessary to accommodate new climatic regimes.

Hypomania is a lowered state of mania that does little to impair function or decrease quality of life.

The increase in oxidation state of an atom through a chemical reaction is known as an oxidation ; a decrease in oxidation state is known as a reduction.

The decrease was brought about by the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which made the region of Maine — long part of Massachusetts — a free state to balance the pending admission of slave state Missouri.

* only the change of information is sent, that is, only an increase or decrease of the signal amplitude from the previous sample is sent whereas a no-change condition causes the modulated signal to remain at the same 0 or 1 state of the previous sample.

The distance remains in the Passive state ( because distance decrease never violates the Feasibility Condition ) and the router updates the RD and FD to 8.

A joint Japanese-Vietnamese evaluation team found that the poor state of railway infrastructure was the fundamental cause for most railway accidents, of which the most common types are train crashes against vehicles and persons, especially at illegal level crossings ; derailments caused by failure to decrease speed was also noted as a common cause of accidents.

* Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 783, 969, a decrease of 1. 2 % ( 9, 664 fewer residents ) from the 793, 633 enumerated in the 2000 Census, making it the third-most populous county in the state and one of only two counties in the state to see a decline in population during the decade ( Cape May County was the other ).

The 2010 census recorded a population of 224, 669, a decrease of just 0. 8 %, and still making it the sixth largest city in the state, a major municipality of Greater Miami and South Florida, and the tenth largest city in the United States among cities with a population density of more than 10, 000 / sq mile.

Between 1990 and 2000, the town experienced a population decrease of 10. 8 %, compared to the state growth during this period of 26. 4 %.

This decrease of power will eventually result in primary system temperature returning to its previous steady state value.

Such a state would then evolve in reverse, so presumably entropy would decrease ( Loschmidt's paradox ).

When a nuclear chain reaction in a mass of fissile material is self-sustaining, the mass is said to be in a critical state in which there is no increase or decrease in power, temperature or neutron population.

To combat the price of consumer goods the state took measures to decrease inflation and enact reforms on the internal practices of the factories.

However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease.

showed that music therapy is associated with a decrease in depression, improved mood, and a reduction in state anxiety.

Usually, many short-running operations accumulate a " debt " of unfavorable state in small increments, while rare long-running operations decrease it drastically.

Dayton supports a progressive tax to decrease state and federal deficits.

The volume of ADC cases will decrease, Martin reported, when the community is able to deal effectively with two problems: Relatively limited skills and discrimination in employment because of color.

However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the cities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.

The argument that minimum wages decrease employment is based on a simple supply and demand model of the labor market.

( 1983 ) note that time series studies to that point had found that for a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage, there was a decrease in teenage employment of 1 – 3 percent.

Using a variety of specifications of the employment and unemployment equations ( using ordinary least squares vs. generalized least squares regression procedures, and linear vs. logarithmic specifications ), they found that a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage caused a 1 percent decrease in teenage employment, and no change in the teenage unemployment rate.

Manufacturing remains the leading employment sector absorbing more than 21. 7 % of the labor force though there was a decrease from 30, 4 % in 1995.

The increased amount of UI payments to unemployed workers puts additional funds into the economy ; however, others argue that the taxation necessary to support this system serve to decrease employment.

Robinson initially gained employment as an estate agent for Alex Murdoch & Deane in Belfast but decided to accept a decrease in salary to become the DUP ’ s first general secretary in 1975.

Polly took up new employment with the Hamilton troupe but now in her late 30s was increasingly limited as to the roles and backstage work she could do, forcing a commensurate decrease of earnings.

The decrease in flow of labour migration from the South had resulted in nearly full employment levels in the North, meaning that the previously under-paid and unhappy workforce started to flex its muscles.

Because of the decrease in marriages in Ireland, single Irish women, called “ unprovided-for ‘ girls ’”, traveled to the United States to find employment and / or start families of their own.

Therefore, a priori, one cannot tell whether the reduction in the hours of employment will increase or decrease the number of employees.

Since the 1960s there has been a steady decrease in employment, leaving more than 13 % of the town's inhabitants unemployed and nearly 7 % living on social welfare.

Suspected causes of this are a decrease in ore grade as the mine's richer deposits were worked out, loss of skilled foreign management and engineering staff, a bloated labor force resulting from government employment efforts, and inadequate capital investment in the mine's equipment.

A 1916 decrease in population was caused by migrations to Rarotonga Atoll, where employment attracted the former inhabitants.

The Guardian reported in 2011 that, since 2003, there has been an 15. 6 percent decrease in people aged 16 – 18 in employment, but a 6. 8 percent increase in those in education and training.

Eligibility is established along similar lines, with companies showing that there has been a recent decrease in sales and employment, in part due to customers shifting purchases away from the applicant and to imported goods.

The loss of jobs in the area have brought about a steady decrease in the school population as families move away seeking employment.

Furthermore, Roger Garrison argues that a false boom caused by artificially low interest rates would cause a boom in consumption goods as well as investment goods ( with a decrease in " middle goods "), thus explaining the jump in unemployment at the end of a boom.

* A decrease renal protein kinase C is caused.

This caused the difference between the prices of U. S. treasuries and other bonds to increase, rather than to decrease as LTCM was expecting.

The turnover in this group is clearly marked at the species level .< ref > Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a sharp increase in extinctions than by a decrease in speciation .< ref > The K – T boundary record of dinoflagellates is not as well-understood, mainly because only microbial cysts provide a fossil record, and not all dinoflagellate species have cyst-forming stages, thereby likely causing diversity to be underestimated.

The government is emphasizing development of agriculture and animal husbandry in order to decrease the reliance on international relief, caused by war and drought.

Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill ( 2009 ) argue that " From an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks " and that " the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop.

Additionally a German submarine blockade of Liberia caused trade with Britain, France and the U. S. to decrease to negligible amounts.

While 680, 000 people lived in the city proper in 1950, a combination of suburbanization and economic turbulence caused a sharp decrease in city population to just 330, 000 in the year 2000.

A downturn in the South Korean economy in 1989 spurred by a sharp decrease in exports and foreign orders caused deep concern in the industrial sector.

The years of monocrop cultivation, as well as heavy amounts of soil erosion due to the high slope grade on the island, caused its sugar production to continuously decrease.

The 1973 international oil crisis caused Switzerland's energy consumption to decrease from 1973 to 1977.

Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a decrease in speciation than by an increase in extinctions .< ref >

* c. 6200 BC: The 8. 2 kiloyear event was a sharp decrease in global temperatures that lasted for 2-4 hundred years, possibly caused by an influx of glacial meltwater into the North Atlantic ocean.

The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise contributed by a radio frequency amplifier regardless of the amplifier's gain.

Prerenal azotemia is caused by a decrease in blood flow ( hypoperfusion ) to the kidneys.

Consequently, the decrease in production caused tremendous unemployment and underemployment.

This caused a decrease into interest in Hip Hop music.

Although GNP increased in real terms at an average annual rate of 3. 1 percent during the 1980s, rapid population growth effaced these gains and caused an average annual decrease in per capita GNP of 0. 6 percent.

This can be caused by narrowing of the blood vessels ; a decrease in radius ,.