Some day we might see a Federation of Prison and Jail Inmates, with a leader busily trying to organize reformatory occupants, defendants out on bail, convicts opposed to probation officers, etc..

The three -- Miles J. Cooperman, Sheldon Teller, and Richard Austin -- and eight other defendants are charged in six indictments with conspiracy to violate federal narcotic laws.

" The Federal Public Defender recommends that defendants speak in terms of how a lenient sentence will be sufficient, but not greater than necessary, to comply with the statutory directives set forth in.

He stated that " the fact that my name and address along with my picture can appear on the front of the papers before the so-called ' victim ' has even signed a statement proves that anonymity for rape defendants is a must and that the law must be changed.

The Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 increases defendants ' ability to remove state cases to federal court by giving federal courts original jurisdiction for all class actions with damages exceeding $ 5, 000, 000, exclusive of interest and costs.

Upon the motion to certify the class, the defendants may object to whether the issues are appropriately handled as a class action, to whether the named plaintiffs are sufficiently representative of the class, and to their relationship with the law firm or firms handling the case.

The preamble to the Class Action Fairness Act stated that some abusive class actions harmed class members with legitimate claims and defendants that have acted responsibly ; adversely affected interstate commerce ; and undermined public respect for the country's judicial system.

In August 1987, the criminal trial was submitted to the jury with the two remaining defendants: Jello Biafra and Michael Bonanno ( former Alternative Tentacles label manager ).

Of those cases that were successful, 90 % of the defendants had been previously diagnosed with mental illness.

The trial started in 2010, with the four defendants convicted on the 31st of March 2010 by Mr Justice Treacy at the Old Bailey.

The rules so formulated as M ' Naghten's Case 1843 10 C & F 200 have been a standard test for criminal liability in relation to mentally disordered defendants in common law jurisdictions ever since, with some minor adjustments.

: A finding of insanity may well result in indefinite confinement in a hospital, whereas a conviction for murder may well result in a determinate sentence of between ten and fifteen years ; faced with this choice, it may be that most defendants would prefer the certainty of the latter option.

Category: Trials with corporate defendants

Bukharin was tried in the Trial of the Twenty One on 2 – 13 March 1938 during the Great Purges, along with ex-premier Alexei Rykov, Christian Rakovsky, Nikolai Krestinsky, Genrikh Yagoda, and 16 other defendants alleged to belong to the so-called " Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites ".

Our research, however, demonstrates that when study participants are placed in real, rather than hypothetical, bargaining situations and are presented with accurate information regarding their statistical probability of success, just as they might be so informed by their attorney or the government during a criminal plea negotiation, innocent defendants are highly risk-averse.

Many defendants charged with capital offences nonetheless refused to plead, since thereby they would escape forfeiture of property, and their heirs would still inherit their estate ; but if the defendant pleaded guilty and was executed, their heirs would inherit nothing, their property escheating to the Crown.

Virtually all jurisdictions hold that defense counsel need not discuss with defendants the collateral consequences of pleading guilty, such as consecutive sentencing or even treatment as an aggravating circumstance in an ongoing capital prosecution.

These documents are known as pleadings, that set forth the alleged wrongs committed by the defendant or defendants with a demand for relief.

Under Pennoyer, personal jurisdiction was authorized by statutes authorizing service of process, but these methods of service often lacked because they required such service to be effected by officers of the state, such as sheriffs – an untenable method for defendants located outside of the state but still subject to jurisdiction due to their contacts with the state.

However, the United States Supreme Court found that the defendants ( World-Wide Volkswagen Corp .) did not have the minimum contacts with Oklahoma necessary to create personal jurisdiction there.

Giuliani's high-profile raid of the Princeton / Newport firm ended with the defendants having their cases overturned on appeal on the grounds that what they had been convicted of were not crimes .< ref >

All four of the defendants charged with arson and endangering human life were convicted, for which they were sentenced to three years in prison.

On August 31, 2010, eleven defendants were indicted on RICO charges for allegedly assisting AccessHealthSource, a local health care provider, in obtaining and maintaining lucrative contracts with local and state government entities in the city of El Paso, Texas, “ through bribery of and kickbacks to elected officials or himself and others, extortion under color of authority, fraudulent schemes and artifices, false pretenses, promises and representations and deprivation of the right of citizens to the honest services of their elected local officials ” ( see indictment ).

In one case, that against Seismic Entertainment Productions, the FTC accused the defendants of developing a program that seized control of PCs nationwide, infected them with spyware and other malicious software, bombarded them with a barrage of pop-up advertising for Seismic ’ s clients, exposed the PCs to security risks, and caused them to malfunction.

Four years later, before pretrial investigation and depositions, the government settled with the defendants for $ 850, 000 and made an arrangement exempting Hyde from paying anything.

They introduced transcripts of her bank accounts and said she performed money transfers, paying the other defendants.

In addition, defendants would pay plaintiff a royalty fee of 6. 5 % of all revenue received for ARC compatible programs on all orders received after the effective date of this Agreement, such revenue including any license fees or shareware registrations received after the expiration of the license, for ARC compatible programs.

' This was actioned by the ban's inclusion in the LASPO Bill, together with provisions preventing the recovery of claimant solicitors ' success fees from losing defendants, intended to reform ' no win, no fee ' deals.

In addition, defendants would pay plaintiff a royalty fee of 6. 5 % of all revenue received for ARC compatible programs on all orders received after the effective date of this Agreement, such revenue including any license fees or shareware registrations received after the expiration of the license, for ARC compatible programs.

But court adjourned after he testified he introduced James White and Jeremiah Hope Pullings, two of the defendants, and also introduced Pullings to Jessy Maroy, a man mentioned in the indictment but not indicted.

Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while their cases were pending, as defendants had previously been required to do.

In one paper presented at an ABA conference on class actions in 2007, authors commented that " competing cases can also provide opportunities for collusive settlement discussions and reverse auctions by defendants anxious to resolve their new exposure at the most economic cost.

Thus literate lay defendants often also claimed the right to benefit of clergy ; furthermore, as the Biblical passage used for the literacy test was always Psalm 51 ( Miserere mei, Deus ...-" O God, have mercy upon me ..."), an illiterate person who had memorized the psalm could also claim benefit of clergy.

It must consider the impact of an agreement on victims and also the wider public, whilst respecting the rights of defendants.

The year after Greenman, the Supreme Court of California proceeded to extend strict liability to all parties involved in the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of defective products ( including retailers ) and in 1969 made it clear that such defendants were liable not only to direct customers and users, but also to any innocent bystanders randomly injured by defective products.

The doctrine of consent is also extended to defendants who attend and litigate actions without challenging personal jurisdiction.

This is an issue of policy as to whether ( prospective ) defendants should not only warn of a known danger, but also take active steps to fence the site and take other reasonable precautions to prevent the known danger from befalling those foreseen to be at risk.

In exchange, plaintiff would also pay a commission in the amount of 6. 5 % of any license fees received by plaintiff from any licensee referred to plaintiff by defendants, whether before or after the license termination date.

* A transgender variation of the gay panic defense was also used in 2004 – 2005 in California by the three defendants in the Gwen Araujo homicide case, who claimed that they were enraged by the discovery that Araujo, a transgender teenager with whom they had engaged in sex, had male genitalia.

Domestic courts are also often called upon to apply foreign law, or to act upon foreign defendants, over whom they may not, as a practical matter, even have the ability to enforce a judgment if the defendant's assets are outside their reach.

By providing a copy of the complaint, the service also notifies the defendants of the nature of the claims.

According to the testimony of the defendants, Elizabeth Báthory tortured and killed her victims not only at Csejte but also on her properties in Sárvár, Németkeresztúr, Bratislava ( then Pozsony, Pressburg ), and Vienna, and even between these locations.

The need for more public defenders also led to a need to ensure that the defenders are properly trained in legal defense to allow defendants to receive as fair of a case as possible.

Youthdale also claimed their reputation was damaged as a result of various actions by the named defendants, which Youthdale alleged included the creation of websites and blogs containing complaints against Youthdale, including alleged accusations of unlawful administration of psychotropic medications.

The prosecution argued that the texts advocated violent revolution, and that by adopting the texts as their political foundation, the defendants were also personally guilty of advocating violent overthrow of the government.

This opened the door to literate lay defendants also claiming the benefit of clergy.

It also alleged that the defendants used USF, where some of them were teachers or students, as cover and as a means to bring other PIJ members into the U. S., purportedly for academic meetings and conferences.

" Myers also testified that during its 10-year investigation of the defendants, the FBI intercepted 472, 239 telephone calls on 18 tapped lines.

Christian properties were also burned .. Later, a criminal court in Sohag governorate released all 89 defendants charged in the New Year's massacre in Kosheh without bail.

In light of the " extraordinary circumstances " of the case, the prosecutor recommended that the court vacate not only the convictions related to the assault and rape of Meili, but also those for the other crimes to which the defendants had confessed.

Strict liability laws can also prevent defendants from raising diminished mental capacity defenses, since intent does not need to be proven.

The rule is also intended to protect defendants from the inequity of having to defend the same issue repeatedly.