The demiurge combined three elements: two varieties of Sameness ( one indivisible and another divisible ), two varieties of Difference ( again, one indivisible and another divisible ), and two types of Being ( or Existence, once more, one indivisible and another divisible ).

The demiurge imparted on them a circular movement on their axis: the outer circle was assigned Sameness and turned horizontally to the right, while the inner circle was assigned to Difference and turned diagonally and to the left ( 34c-36c ).

Plato does not propose creation ex nihilo ; rather, the demiurge made order from the chaos of the cosmos, imitating the eternal Forms.

They held that the physical world was evil and created by the demiurge Rex Mundi ( Latin, " King of the World "), who encompassed all that was corporeal, chaotic and powerful ; the second god, the one whom they worshipped, was entirely disincarnate: a being or principle of pure spirit and completely unsullied by the taint of matter.

He learns that all the visions are true, and far more besides ; the Party leader is not only alien, he is an almighty, godlike being — perhaps a demiurge, perhaps God himself — and one that is a predator on all living things.

Marcionites held maltheistic views of the God of the Hebrew Bible ( known to some Gnostics as Yaltabaoth ), that he was inconsistent, jealous, wrathful and genocidal, and that the material world he created was defective, a place of suffering ; the God who made such a world is a bungling or malicious demiurge.

At the lowest scale of interpretation, Vulcan represents the cunning amoral demiurge who blindly gains power over Nature without integrity ; this mundane level anticipates the nascent Industrial Revolution of the 18th century.

A part of it is the work of an inferior god, analogous to the gnostic demiurge ; the second part is attributable to Moses, and the third part to the elders of the Jewish people.

As in Genesis, the demiurge declares himself to be the only god, and that none exist superior to him ; however, the audience's knowledge of what has gone before casts this statement, and the nature of the creator itself, in a radically different light.

By way of this he attempts to rape Eve who now contains Sophia's divine power ; several texts depict him as failing when Sophia's spirit transplants itself into the Tree of Knowledge ; thereafter, the pair are ' tempted ' by the serpent, and eat of the forbidden fruit, thereby once more regaining the power that the demiurge had stolen.

This may have been due to the unwillingness of Marcionites to believe that Jesus was the son of both God the Father and the demiurge.

And since the universe is fair, the demiurge must have looked to the eternal model to make it, and not to the perishable one ( 29a ).

Plato posited a " demiurge " of supreme wisdom and intelligence as the creator of the Cosmos in his work Timaeus.

The demiurge is a concept from the Platonic, Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools of philosophy for an artisan-like figure responsible for the fashioning and maintenance of the physical universe.

Although a fashioner, the demiurge is not necessarily thought of as being the same as the creator figure in the familiar monotheistic sense, because both the demiurge itself plus the material from which the demiurge fashions the universe are considered either uncreated and eternal, or the product of some other being, depending on the system.

The philosophical usage and the proper noun derive from Plato's Timaeus, written circa 360 BC, in which the demiurge is presented as the creator of the universe.

This is accordingly the definition of the demiurge in the Platonic ( ca.

Accordingly, the demiurge is malevolent, as linked to the material world.

The Monad emanated the demiurge or Nous ( consciousness ) from its " indeterminate " vitality due to the monad being so abundant that it overflowed back onto itself, causing self-reflection.

The angelic name " Ariel " has also been used to refer to the demiurge and is called his " perfect " name, and in some Gnostic lore, Ariel has been called an ancient or original name for Ialdabaoth.

The Neoplatonist philosopher Plotinus addressed within his works what he saw as un-Hellenic and blasphemous to the demiurge or creator of Plato.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.

They saw the material world as created through an intermediary being ( demiurge ) rather than directly by God.

In most of the systems, this demiurge was seen as imperfect, in others even as evil.

Different gnostic schools sometimes identified the demiurge as Adam Kadmon, Ahriman, El, Saklas, Samael, Satan, Yaldabaoth, or Yahweh.

The Neoplatonic philosophers, including Plotinus, rejected followers of gnosticism as being un-Hellenistic and anti-Plato due to their vilification of Plato's creator of the universe ( the demiurge ), arriving at dystheism as the solution to the problem of evil, taking all their truths over from Plato.

But the previously mentioned demiurge of evil ... gradually brought back idolatry under the appearance of Christianity. It was also seen as a departure from ancient church tradition, of which there was a written record opposing religious images.

Whether the dualism of the Paulicians, Bogomils, and Cathars and their belief that the world was created by a Satanic demiurge were due to influence from Manichaeism is impossible to determine.

Since a good God would not manifest or work through the evil or fallen material world of the demiurge.

Gnosticism refers to several beliefs seeing evil as due to the world being created by an imperfect god, the demiurge and is contrasted with a superior entity.

) posited a " demiurge " of supreme wisdom and intelligence as the creator of the cosmos in his work Timaeus.

Plotinus does this by making the potential or force ( dunamis ) the Monad or One and making the demiurge or dyad, the action or energy component in philosophical cognitive ontology.

In his analysis of Aalto, Giedion gave primacy to qualities that depart from direct functionality, such as mood, atmosphere, intensity of life and even national characteristics, declaring that " Finland is with Aalto wherever he goes ".

Guderian claimed there was opposition from many officers who gave primacy to the infantry or simply doubted the usefulness of the tank.

The famous decree Haec Sancta Synodus, which gave primacy to the authority of the Council and thus became a source for ecclesial conciliarism, was promulgated in the fifth session, 6 April 1415:

Marx's thoughts on labour were related to the primacy he gave to the economic relation in determining the society's past, present and future ( see also economic determinism ).

American psychiatrist Loren Mosher noticed that the psychiatric institution itself gave him master classes in the art of the " total institution ": labeling, unnecessary dependency, the induction and perpetuation of powerlessness, the degradation ceremony, authoritarianism, and the primacy of institutional needs over those of the persons it was ostensibly there to serve-the patients.

In 2007, the Patriarch gave his approval to the Declaration of Ravenna, a Catholic – Orthodox document re-asserting that the Bishop of Rome is indeed the Prōtos (" First ") of the Church, as in " first among equals " and not supreme, although future discussions are to be held on the concrete ecclesiological exercise of papal primacy.

The Council of Chalcedon in 451 established Constantinople as a patriarchate with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Asia Minor ( the dioceses of Asiane and Pontus ) and Thrace as well as over the barbaric territories, non-converted lands outside the defined area of the Western Patriarchate ( Old Rome ) and the other three patriarchates, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, gave it appellate jurisdiction extraterritorially over canon law decisions by the other patriarchs and granted it honours equal to those belonging to the first Christian see, Rome, in terms of primacy, Rome retaining however its seniority ( canon xxviii ).

Based on this introduction, Caesarius later wrote to Symmachus for help with establishing his authority, which Symmachus eagerly gave, according to William Klingshirn, " to gather outside support for his primacy.

This time events gave Acacius the opportunity he seems to have been long waiting for — to claim a primacy of honour and jurisdiction over the entire East, which would emancipate the bishops of the capital not only from all responsibility to the sees of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, but to the Roman Pontiff as well.

The coronation gave permanent legitimacy to Carolingian primacy among the Franks.

In the two discourses he gave at the Council on May 19 and June 14, 1870 he insisted on the importance of conforming to the decisions of the Council of Florence, of not creating innovations such as papal infallibility, but accepting what had been decided by common agreement between the Greeks and the Latins at the Council of Florence, especially with regard to the issue of papal primacy.

He gave primacy to women's education and founded the Kannada Bashojjivini School.

Piotr Michalowski has suggested this gave literary primacy to the myth over the Lament for Sumer and Ur, originally called the " Second Lament for Ur ", which he argues was chronologically a more archaic version.

The primacy Garašanin gave to inter-state consideration is most clearly elaboarated in his 1844 Načertanije ( Draft ), which he wrote a year after he got the new post.

The new system, which gave primacy to national independence and popular sovereignty, established the offices of Prime Minister and President while placing legislative power within a unicameral Grand National Assembly.