Common symptoms that sufferers of acute stress disorder experience are: numbing ; detachment ; derealization ; depersonalization or dissociative amnesia ; continued re-experiencing of the event by such ways as thoughts, dreams, and flashbacks ; and avoidance of any stimulation that reminds them of the event.

The lyrics of " How to Disappear Completely " was noted for its theme of depersonalization, which Thom Yorke admitted as being his experience a dream.

Three individuals were very much improved, another one was much improved, and on average a 30 % decrease in depersonalization symptoms was reported.

The word depersonalization itself was first used by Henri Frédéric Amiel in The Journal Intime.

Depersonalization was first used as a clinical term by Ludovic Dugas in 1898 to refer to " a state in which there is the feeling or sensation that thoughts and acts elude the self and become strange ; there is an alienation of personality – in other words a depersonalization ".

Maurice Krishaber proposed depersonalization was the result of pathological changes to the body's sensory modalities which lead to experiences of " self-strangeness " and the description of one patient who " feels that he is no longer himself ".

Suzanne Segal had an episode in her 20s that was diagnosed by several psychologists as depersonalization disorder, though Segal herself interpreted it through the lens of Buddhism as a spiritual experience.

It has not been extirpated by ten years of Communist depersonalization.

More severe withdrawal symptoms which occur can include seizures ( some of which can be fatal ), visual and auditory hallucinations, suicidal ideation, extremely severe panic attacks, depersonalization, tremors, delirium, delirium tremens and if not treated as an emergency by a proper medical staff death from a seizure can occur.

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for DID have been criticized for failing to capture the clinical complexity of DID, lacking usefulness in diagnosing individuals with DID ( for instance, by focusing on the two least frequent and most subtle symptoms of DID ) producing a high rate of false negatives and an excessive number of DDNOS diagnoses, for excluding possession ( seen as a cross-cultural form of DID ), and for including only two " core " symptoms of DID ( amnesia and self-alteration ) while failing to discuss hallucinations, trance-like states, somatoform, depersonalization and derealization symptoms.

Ralph Klein, Clinical Director of the Masterson Institute delineates the following nine characteristics of the schizoid personality as described by Harry Guntrip: introversion, withdrawnness, narcissism, self-sufficiency, a sense of superiority, loss of affect, loneliness, depersonalization, and regression.

Panic attacks and anxiety can occur ; there may also be delusional behavior, including somatoform delusions, sometimes accompanied by a depersonalization or derealization syndrome, where the patients begin to feel detached from themselves or from reality.

Frankl identifies three psychological reactions experienced by all inmates to one degree or another: ( 1 ) shock during the initial admission phase to the camp, ( 2 ) apathy after becoming accustomed to camp existence, in which the inmate values only that which helps himself and his friends survive, and ( 3 ) reactions of depersonalization, moral deformity, bitterness, and disillusionment if he survives and is liberated.

Chronic depersonalization refers to depersonalization disorder, which is classified by the DSM-IV as a dissociative disorder.

Individuals who experience depersonalization feel divorced from their own personal physicality by sensing their body sensations, feelings, emotions and behaviors as not belonging to the same person or identity.

A 2005 naltrexone study demonstrated an average of 30 % reduction of depersonalization symptoms, as measured by 3 validated dissociation scales.

Most of the efforts in studying naltrexone for depersonalization thus far have been directed by Dr. Daphne Simeon at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

Depersonalization disorder ( DPD ) is a dissociative disorder ( ICD-10 classifies the disorder as an anxiety disorder ) in which the sufferer is affected by persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and / or derealization.

Individuals who experience depersonalization can feel divorced from their own personal physicality by sensing their body sensations, feelings, emotions and behaviors as not belonging to the same person or identity.

Pierre Janet approached the theory by pointing out his patients with clear sensory pathology did not complain of symptoms of unreality, and that those who suffered from depersonalization were normal from a sensory viewpoint.

* People who wish to reduce Depersonalization Disorder may be treated by changing the meanings associated with depersonalization in the mind of the patient, thereby reducing anxiety and functional impairment

The screenwriter for the 2007 film Numb suffers from depersonalization disorder, as does the film's protagonist played by Matthew Perry.

Norwegian painter Edvard Munch's famous masterpiece The Scream may have been inspired by depersonalization disorder.

Solipsism syndrome is not currently recognized as a psychiatric disorder by the American Psychiatric Association, though it shares similarities with depersonalization disorder, which is recognized.

Endorphins are known to play a role in depersonalization disorder.

It is unclear whether genetics play a role ; however, there are many neurochemical and hormonal changes in individuals suffering with depersonalization disorder.

Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation, or hopelessness ; disturbances in sleep and appetite ; fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities ; problems concentrating ; loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference ; depersonalization ; loss of interest in sexual activity ; shyness or social anxiety ; irritability, chronic pain ( with or without a known cause ); lack of motivation ; and morbid suicidal ideation.

Less common side effects include nausea and changes in appetite, blurred vision, confusion, euphoria, depersonalization and nightmares.

The less frequent effects are irritability, sweating, depersonalization, derealization, hypersensitivity to stimuli, depression, suicidal behavior, psychosis, seizures, and delirium tremens.

Psychological effects include severe changes in body image, loss of ego boundaries, paranoia and depersonalization.

The symptoms of dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue and depersonalization disorder are subsumed under DID diagnosis and are not diagnosed separately.

In addition to the sensory-perceptual effects, hallucinogenic substances may induce feelings of depersonalization, emotional shifts to a euphoric or anxious / fearful state, and a disruption of logical thought.

The main differences between dissociative psychedelics and serotonergic hallucinogens are that the dissociatives cause more intense derealization and depersonalization.

Breggin claimed that side-effects of these drugs include increased aggression, loss of remorse, depersonalization, and mania.

The opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone have both been proven to be successful in treating depersonalization.

To quote a 2001 naloxone study, " In three of 14 patients, depersonalization symptoms disappeared entirely and seven patients showed a marked improvement.

The therapeutic effect of naloxone provides evidence for the role of the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of depersonalization.

Though there are no established preconditions for limerence, there is a high rate of coincidence between limerence, depersonalization / derealization disorders, and dysfunctional attachment environments in childhood.

During her stay, Susanna undergoes a period of depersonalization, where she bites open the flesh on her hand after she becomes terrified that she has " lost her bones.

The dissociative disorders in DSM-IV-TR include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified.

Perhaps the most significant subjective differences between dissociatives and the classical hallucinogens ( such as LSD and mescaline ) are the dissociative effects, including: depersonalization, the feeling of being unreal, disconnected from one's self, or unable to control one's actions ; and derealization, the feeling that the outside world is unreal or that one is dreaming.

Guntrip describes depersonalization as a loss of a sense of identity and individuality.

It is a more extreme form of loss of affect: whereas the loss of affect is a more chronic state in schizoid personality disorder, depersonalization is an acute defense against more immediate experiences of overwhelming anxiety or danger.

In 2006 he began filming Numb, a film based on a man suffering from depersonalization disorder.