Although there were low levels of preexisting antibiotic-resistant bacteria before the widespread use of antibiotics, evolutionary pressure from their use has played a role in the development of muiltidrug resistance varieties and the spread of resistance between bacterial species.

This rapid evolution is important in medicine, as it has led to the recent development of ' super-bugs ' — pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to modern antibiotics.

Another development of the line of true penicillins was the antipseudomonal penicillins, such as carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin, useful for their activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Their discovery led to the development of recombinant DNA technology that allowed, for example, the large scale production of human insulin for diabetics using E. coli bacteria.

With the development of genetic engineering, it became possible to insert animal genes into certain bacteria, fungi or yeasts to make them produce chymosin during fermentation.

The development of bacteriology toward the end of the 19th century led to an understanding of the role played by nitrogen fixation by bacteria.

In older children and adults the normal intestinal bacteria suppress development of C. botulinum.

Biofilm development can be divided into several key steps including attachment, microcolony formation, biofilm maturation and dispersion ; and in each step bacteria may recruit different components and molecules including flagellae, type IV pili, DNA and exopolysaccharides.

At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against Gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various Gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.

The hypothesis states that exposure to bacteria and other immune system modulators is important during development, and missing out on this exposure increases risk for asthma and allergy.

He was involved in the process of searching for ways to kill bacteria, which also resulted in the development of antibiotics and the discovery of bacteriophage, all within a span of a few years.

The work that gained him international reputation was his development of a method of staining bacteria.

The Malibu Legacy Park Project responds to critical issues: ( 1 ) bacteria reduction by stormwater treatment, ( 2 ) nutrient reduction in wastewater management, ( 3 ) restoration and development of riparian habitats, and ( 4 ) the development of an open space area for passive recreation and environmental education.

* Like nylon underwear and other synthetic materials, pantyhose trap bacteria and increase the temperature in the genital area, and so they can be the proximate cause or a contributing factor in the development of yeast infections ( candidiasis ) in wearers.

Filarial parasites have symbiotic bacteria in the genus Wolbachia, which live inside the worm and which seem to play a major role in both its reproduction and the development of the disease.

The hygiene hypothesis has now expanded to include exposure to symbiotic bacteria and parasites as important modulators of immune system development, along with infectious agents.

The most favorable lakes for the development of purple sulfur bacteria are meromictic ( permanently stratified ) lakes.

Over the next ten years, the term was used by other researchers to describe broader chemical interactions between organisms, and by 1996 the International Homeopathy Society defined allelopathy as " Any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants, algae, bacteria and fungi that influences the growth and development of agriculture and biological systems.

Life on Earth had already advanced to the eukaryote stage of development, and the rate of evolution proceeded slightly faster for the bacteria on their new world, allowing life there to evolve to the point that it could produce the sentient Chigs at roughly the same time that modern humans evolved.

Ventilation is not just important for circulating air, but also for preventing the growth of mold and development and spread of harmful bacteria.

The added moisture helps the development of bacteria that gives this cheese its particular taste and color.

His principal work was concerned with the development of penicillin, and also later cephalosporin, an antibiotic capable of destroying penicillin-resistant bacteria.

It was this meticulous work, showing the absence of phenotypic diversity between specific pathogens in this genus, that led to the development of pathovar nomenclature, applied internationally to plant pathogenic bacteria today.

but the possibility of this effort is bound up with that development of historical thought which is the greatest achievement of our civilization in the last two centuries, and it is utterly impossible to people in whom this development has not taken place.

At this point, of course, the issue has become complicated by a development unforeseen by Lappenberg and Kemble.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

On this basis, our already substantial budget for research and development has been further increased in recent years in order to finance the continuing engineering and design work essential to Leesona's future growth in sales and earnings.

Our Patterson Moos Research Division has made further very encouraging progress in development of fuel cells.

Mr. Claude is a specialist in torso development and he has long favored the now-famous Weider Push-Pull Super-Set technique in which one exercise of the Super-Set is a pressing or `` pushing '' movement which accents one sector of a muscle group in a specific way, followed by a `` pulling '' exercise which works the opposing sector of the same muscle group.

The shooting development program of the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute has successfully published these facts in all major outdoor magazines, many national weeklies and the trade papers.

This has been the aim of the director of the shooting development program, the New York staff of the Sportsmen's Service Bureau, and the SAAMI shooting preserve field consultants since the start of the program in 1954.

This whole development is certain to be of interest to the readers, for the idea has so often been mentioned, somewhat wistfully.

Of particular utility in the analysis of the development, persistence, and change of social systems has been the use of the master or comprehensive processes.

L'Institut pour La Recherche Scientifique En Afrique Centrale ( IRSAC ) has sponsored well-designed field investigations and has cooperated closely with the government of Ruanda-Urundi in the development of its official statistics.

When all has been said, however, the big branch store remains a major break with history in the development of American retailing.

The President has also called upon the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and the Secretary of Labor to coordinate their efforts `` in the development of a program of federal leadership to assist states and local communities in their efforts to cope with the problem.

Interviews with several church leaders have disclosed that this development has raised the question whether the Peace Corps will be able to prevent confusion for church and state over methods, means and goals.

Although I have emphasized the barriers which an aroused nationalism has raised against relations between Christians and non-Christians in Asia, the fact is that this development has also widened the gulf between certain Afro-Asian religions themselves.

One frequently has the feeling that the order of their movement combinations could be transposed without notable loss of effect, there is too little suggestion of organic relationship and development.

The development of the tourism sector in Algeria had previously been hampered by a lack of facilities, but since 2004 a broad tourism development strategy has been implemented resulting in many hotels of a high modern standard being built.

As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new ( late 20th century ) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.

They reproduce via direct development, an ecological and evolutionary adaptation that has allowed them to be completely independent from free-standing water.

The development of the young of Ichthyophis glutinosus, a species from Sri Lanka, has been much studied.

The Atlantic has contributed significantly to the development and economy of surrounding countries.