Polychlorinated biphenyls have properties that once favored their use as a dielectic coolant, though concerns over their environmental persistence led to a widespread ban on their use.

This additional energy put into the system is converted to potential energy in the form of charge separation ( opposite charges that were originally on the plate ), so raising the metal plate actually increases its voltage relative to the dielectic plate.

But in a fast breeder reactor, some other kind of coolant is used which will not moderate or slow the neutrons down much.

Picard and a team attempt to reach engineering to disable the Borg with corrosive coolant used in the warp core, but the android Data is captured and meets the queen of the Borg collective, who gains his trust by giving part of him human skin.

Water and steam are used as heat transfer fluids in diverse heat exchange systems, due to its availability and high heat capacity, both as a coolant and for heating.

It was connected to the cylinder by a narrow passage and was heated either by the cylinder's coolant or by exhaust gases while running ; an external flame such as a blowtorch was used for starting.

PCBs were widely used as dielectric and coolant fluids, for example in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors.

PCBs were widely used as dielectric and coolant fluids in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors.

The chips produced by cutting are carried away from the material by both the teeth of the blade as well as the coolant or other cutting fluid used.

PCBs were used as dielectric and coolant fluids in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors, and in a wide variety of other industrial applications.

A new arrival noticed that the temperature in the PORV tail pipe and the holding tanks was excessive and used a backup valve — called a block valve — to shut off the coolant venting via the PORV, but around of coolant had already leaked from the primary loop.

Light water is used as the primary coolant in a PWR.

In PWRs the coolant water is used as a moderator by letting the neutrons undergo multiple collisions with light hydrogen atoms in the water, losing speed in the process.

In contrast, the RBMK reactor design used at Chernobyl, which uses graphite instead of water as the moderator and uses boiling water as the coolant, has a large positive thermal coefficient of reactivity, that increases heat generation when coolant water temperatures increase.

Upon loss of coolant the decay heat can raise the rods above 2200 degrees Celsius, whereupon the hot Zirconium alloy metal used for casing the nuclear fuel rods spontaneously explodes in contact with the cooling water or steam, which leads to the separation of water into its constituent elements ( hydrogen and oxygen ).

* eutectic alloys of sodium and potassium ( NaK ) that are liquid at room temperature and used as coolant in experimental fast neutron nuclear reactors.

The first engines used thermosiphons to circulate the coolant ; today, however, all but the smallest engines use pumps.

** water used as coolant in a light water reactor

Typically the hot coolant is used as a heat source for a boiler, and the pressurized steam from that boiler powers one or more steam turbine driven electrical generators.

Mineral oil is used in a variety of industrial / mechanical capacities as a non-conductive coolant or thermal fluid in electric components as it does not conduct electricity, while simultaneously functioning to displace air and water.

Some examples are in transformers where it is known as transformer oil, and in high voltage switchgear where mineral oil is used as an insulator and as a coolant to disperse switching arcs.

Veterinarian-grade mineral oil, an inexpensive source for mineral oil, is frequently used by amateur radio operators as coolant in RF dummy loads.

In RBMKs, light water was used as a coolant ; moderation was instead carried out by graphite.

Light water is used as both neutron-moderator and reactor coolant.

The coolant used in many liquid-cooled engines must be renewed periodically, and can freeze at ordinary temperatures thus causing permanent engine damage.

However, coolant based on propylene glycol is liquid to-55 ° C, colder than is encountered by many engines ; shrinks slightly when it crystallizes, thus avoiding engine damage ; and has a service life over 10, 000 hours, essentially the lifetime of many engines.

It is also a promising coolant, though its cost and aggressivity ( it corrodes many other metals by dissolving them ) are major obstacles for its use.

Reactivity is affected by many factors, including coolant / moderator temperature and density, fuel temperature and density, and structural temperature and density.

As with any reactor design, loss of coolant is only one of many possible failures that could potentially lead to an accident.

For many decades, cars were required to run at least an hour into the race before they were allowed to refill fluids for the car, such as oil or coolant, with the exception of fuel.

Metal sodium ( Na ) coolant in many ways has the most attractive combination of properties for this purpose.

In many designs the nuclear fuel is dissolved in the molten fluoride salt coolant as uranium tetrafluoride ( UF < sub > 4 </ sub >).

Uranium dioxide resists corrosion in water and provides a stable matrix for many of the fission products ; however to prevent fission products ( such as the noble gases ) from leaving the uranium dioxide matrix and entering the coolant, the pellets of fuel are normally encased in tubes of a corrosion resistant metal alloy ( normally Zircaloy for water-cooled reactors ).

The amount of heat that can flow into the coolant is controlled by many factors including the temperature difference between the chamber and the coolant, the heat transfer coefficient, the thermal conductivity of the chamber wall, the velocity in the coolant channels and the velocity of the gas flow in the chamber or the nozzle.

However, the plant does not have the classic hyperboloid cooling towers found at many inland reactor sites ; instead, it uses nearby ocean water for coolant of the secondary system.

* G12 coolant, used in many Volkswagen and Audi vehicles

The lack of many moving parts and the lack of liquid coolant eased maintenance, while the exhaust did not contain carbon monoxide, unburned carbon, or raw hydrocarbons.

A reactor can change power quickly just by changing the coolant flow rate and can also change power more efficiently ( say, for utility power ) by changing the coolant density or heat capacity.

A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

Closed-loop industrial chillers recirculate a clean coolant or clean water with condition addititives at a constant temperature and pressure to increase the stability and reproducibility of water-cooled machines and instruments.

Most industrial chillers use refrigeration as the media for cooling, but some rely on simpler techniques such as air or water flowing over coils containing the coolant to regulate temperature.

Important specifications to consider when searching for industrial chillers include the total life cycle cost, the power source, chiller IP rating, chiller cooling capacity, evaporator capacity, evaporator material, evaporator type, condenser material, condenser capacity, ambient temperature, motor fan type, noise level, internal piping materials, number of compressors, type of compressor, number of fridge circuits, coolant requirements, fluid discharge temperature, and COP ( the ratio between the cooling capacity in RT to the energy consumed by the whole chiller in KW ).

A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

While the term coolant is commonly used in automotive, residential and commercial temperature-control applications, in industrial processing, heat transfer fluid is one technical term more often used, in high temperature as well as low temperature manufacturing applications.