It reflected Alfred's own belief in a doctrine of divine rewards and punishments rooted in a vision of a hierarchical Christian world order in which God is the Lord to whom kings owe obedience and through whom they derive their authority over their followers.

He thereby illustrated his own doctrine that it is a divine virtue to sympathize with a friend in his troubles as well as to partake of his joys ( Tan., Wa-yesheb, ed.

Convocation had made its position clear by affirming the traditional doctrine of the Eucharist, the authority of the Pope, and the reservation by divine law to ecclesiastics ' of handling and defining concerning the things belonging to faith, sacraments, and discipline ecclesiastical '.

Justification ( sixth session ) was declared to be offered upon the basis of human cooperation with divine grace as opposed to the Protestant doctrine of passive reception of grace.

Understanding the Protestant " faith alone " doctrine to be one of simple human confidence in divine mercy, the Council rejected the " vain confidence " of the Protestants, stating that no one can know who has received the grace of God.

Other faiths are even more subtle: the doctrine of karma shared by Buddhism and Hinduism is a divine law similar to divine retribution but without the connotation of punishment: our acts, good or bad, intentional or unintentional, reflect back on us as part of the natural working of the universe.

The doctrine of the divine right of kings was introduced as late as the 17th century, proposing that kings rule by divine decree ; Japanese Emperors ruled by divine mandate until the inception of the Japanese constitution after World War II

The divine right of kings, or divine-right theory of kingship, is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy.

The divine right of kings, or divine-right theory of kingship, is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy.

The French prelate Bossuet made a classic statement of the doctrine of divine right in a sermon preached before King Louis XIV:

# Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) repudiated the Eutychian doctrine of monophysitism, adopted the Chalcedonian Creed, which described the hypostatic union of the two natures of Christ, human and divine.

They view the ecumenical councils as misguided human attempts to establish doctrine, and as attempts to divine dogmas by debate rather than by revelation.

The dogmatic constitution states that the Pope has " full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the whole Church " ( chapter 3: 9 ); and that, when he " speaks ex cathedra, that is, when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church, he possesses, by the divine assistance promised to him in blessed Peter, that infallibility which the divine Redeemer willed his Church to enjoy in defining doctrine concerning faith or morals " ( chapter 4: 9 ).

The doctrine expressed by the term " Limbo of the Fathers " was taught, for instance, by Clement of Alexandria, who maintained: " It is not right that these should be condemned without trial, and that those alone who lived after the coming ( of Christ ) should have the advantage of the divine righteousness.

This openness to doctrinal revision has extended in Liberal Protestant traditions even to the reevaluation of the doctrine of Scripture upon which the Reformation was founded, and members of these traditions may even question whether the Bible is infallible in doctrine, inerrant in historical and other factual statements, and whether it has uniquely divine authority.

Arius, a Libyan presbyter in Alexandria, had declared that although the Son was divine, he was a created being and therefore not co-essential with the Father, and " there was when he was not ," This made Jesus less than the Father, which posed soteriological challenges for the nascent doctrine of the Trinity.

" In doing so, Cumberland de-emphasized the overlay of Christian dogma ( in particular, the doctrine of " original sin " and the corresponding presumption that humans are incapable of " perfecting " themselves without divine intervention ) that had accreted to natural law in the Middle Ages.

The doctrine, which was informed by Nestorius's studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch, emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus.

The influence of Jefferson's doctrine of states ' rights reverberated right up to the Civil War and beyond.

Implicit in this doctrine was that the leadership of the Soviet Union reserved, for itself, the right to define " socialism " and " capitalism ".

Influenced by the doctrine of " natural right ", the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself.

A number of historians have regarded fascism either as a revolutionary centrist doctrine, as a doctrine which mixes philosophies of the left and the right, or as both of those things.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy calls it " right libertarianism " but states: " Libertarianism is often thought of as ' right-wing ' doctrine.

The influence of Jefferson's doctrine of states ' rights reverberated right up to the Civil War and beyond.

Laches (; f. French, lâchesse, lâches ) is an " unreasonable delay pursuing a right or claim ... in a way that prejudices the party " When asserted in litigation, it is an equitable defense, or doctrine.

The church had provided an essential ideological underpinning to Spanish rule by spreading the doctrine of the " divine right of kings " and inculcating the Indian masses with a resigned fatalism about their social status and economic prospects.

" If an interest is not deemed a " property " right, or the conduct is merely an intentional tort, these limitations do not apply and the doctrine of sovereign immunity precludes relief.

He then dispatched two letters to Leo, denying the Imperial right to interfere in matters of doctrine, the central tenet of Caesaropapism.

John Calvin did not call for the abolition of monarchy, but he advanced the doctrine that the faithful had the right to overthrow irreligious monarchs.

Early modern defenders of absolutism such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin undermined the doctrine of the divine right of kings by arguing that the power of kings should be justified by reference to the people.

With his doctrine that sovereignty is conferred by divine law, Bodin predefined the scope of the divine right of kings.

In Confucianism and in extended uses, the way to be followed, the right conduct ; doctrine or method.

The ULC has no traditional doctrine, believing as an organization merely in doing " that which is right.

The older he grew, the less he distinguished between the Gospel as the announcement of the will of God, and right doctrine as the human knowledge of it.

Though King Wu died just a few years after the Battle of Muye, the Duke of Zhou assisted the young and inexperienced King Cheng in consolidating power for the Ji line: he managed a war against rebellious Zhou princes in the eastern lowlands ( allied with feudal rulers and Shang remnants ); formulated the Mandate of Heaven doctrine to counter Shang claims to a divine right of rule ; founded Chengzhou as an eastern capital ; and set up the fengjian " feudal " system designed to maintain Zhou authority as it expanded its rule over a larger amount of territory.

Prior to it the doctrine was that all persons had a right to pursue a private prosecution of a public right.

" The commonwealth introduced a doctrine of religious tolerance called Warsaw Confederation, had its own parliament Sejm ( although elections were restricted to the nobility and elected kings, who were bound to certain contracts Pacta conventa from the beginning of the reign.

However, this overlooks those parts of scripture which provide for the doctrine of the " Two Swords " and for the medieval Roman Catholic concept of the powers of kings to protect the Christian Constitution of states, to defend and extend the boundaries of Christendom by lawful means only, to protect and defend the innocent, the weak, the poor and the vulnerable, and to protect the church and the papacy with the king's own life, if necessary.

As Charles shared his father's position on the power of the crown ( James had described kings as " little Gods on Earth ", chosen by God to rule in accordance with the doctrine of the " Divine Right of Kings "), the suspicions of the Parliamentarians had some justification.

According to Sitchin, ancient inscriptions report that the human civilization in Sumer, Mesopotamia, was set up under the guidance of these " gods ", and human kingship was inaugurated to provide intermediaries between mankind and the Anunnaki ( creating the " divine right of kings " doctrine ).

The OED credits Francis Bacon in his Essays ( 1605 ) with the first use of " Cabinet council ", where it is described as a foreign habit, of which he disapproves: " For which inconveniences, the doctrine of Italy, and practice of France, in some kings ’ times, hath introduced cabinet counsels ; a remedy worse than the disease ".

As late as the 18th century, in the era of the Enlightenment, Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, preacher to Louis XIV, defended the doctrine of the divine right of kings and absolute monarchy in his sermons.

The doctrine of popular sovereignty directly challenged the former divine right of kings.

Under the doctrine of the divine right of kings, only the Church or God could interfere with the right of a monarch to rule.

Based on the phrase " the kings from the East " in the Christian scriptural verse Revelation 16: 12, Rupert, who believed in the doctrine of British Israelism, claimed that China, India, Japan and Korea were attacking England and the U. S., but that Jesus Christ would stop them.

At first a Protestant doctrine, the notion of tyrannicide was reappropriated by the Catholics when Protestants came to be kings.

Locke intimates in the First Treatise that the doctrine of divine right of kings ( jure divino ) will eventually be the downfall of all governments.

It is considered remarkable for setting out the doctrine of the divine right of kings in Scotland, and latterly England, for the first time.

' The doctrine of the divine right of kings he assailed in his Os Ossorianum, or a Bone for a Bishop, against Griffith Williams, bishop of Ossory ( 1643 ).

As the concept of the high-kingship of Ireland was developed from the ninth century onwards by the Uí Néill clan, the kings of Munster counterbalanced this unhistorical doctrine by stressing their alternate right to that office or, in lieu, the enjoyment of full sovereignty in Leth Mogha, that part of Ireland lying south of an imaginary line drawn from Dublin to Galway.