alt = Back and dorsal fin of killer whale projecting above the sea surface, including the grey saddle patch and part of the white eye patch: The dorsal fin rises steeply to a rounded point.

In vertebrates, the heart lies in the anterior part of the body cavity, dorsal to the gut.

The selective distribution of the axonal terminal arborisations of cortical sources differentiate the sensorimotor striatum, mainly putaminal but located in its dorsal part and in the lateroinferior part of the caudate.

Studies in humans corroborate the research in animals suggesting that the dorsal striatum is an integral part of a circuit involved in decision-making.

In its present connotation, the term “ ventral striatum ” was introduced in 1975 by Heimer and Wilson to differentiate it from the dorsal, sensorimotor-related part of the striatum ( i. e., the caudate-putamen complex ).

Studies in patients that were a subject to bilateral cingulotomy, that involved fMRI analyses, showed that the anterior cingulate cortex has a key role in cognitive control and is highly likely to be involved in the control of attentional response, whereas the dorsal part of that region of the brain was not identified to be involved in such a process, although this is still under dispute.

The function of the dorsal part of the cingulate cortex was connected to the sorting out and processing of conflicting information signals.

These are the substantia nigra ( from the Latin black substance )-Pars Compacta part, the locus coeruleus ( blue spot ), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve ( cranial nerve X ), and the median raphe nucleus of the pons.

It develops from a depression in the dorsal wall of the pharynx ( stomodial part ) known as Rathke's pouch.

The thalamus is part of a nuclear complex structured of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus.

The hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen dorsal to the lowest ribs of the thorax.

Relatively small dorsal fin curved back at top at rear part of body.

The ventral part of the neural tube is called the basal plate ; the dorsal part is called the alar plate.

The diagram shows the structural differences between rat islets ( top ) and humans islets ( bottom ) as well as the Anatomical terms of location | ventral part ( left ) and the dorsal part ( right ) of the pancreas.

* an open part or superior part where the dorsal surface of the medulla is formed by the fourth ventricle.

The dorsal part of the neural tube contains the alar plate, which is primarily associated with sensation.

Either the dorsal scapular artery ( the only artery that comes off of the third part of subclavian when present, although its origin is highly variable in different people ) or when the dorsal scapular artery is absent, it is accompanied by the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery ( an artery coming off of the thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery, the other two branches being vertebral artery and internal thoracic artery ).

The dorsal part of the ACC is connected with the prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex as well as the motor system and the frontal eye fields making it a central station for processing top-down and bottom-up stimuli and assigning appropriate control to other areas in the brain.

The rostral ACC seems to be active after an error commission, indicating an error response function, whereas the dorsal ACC is active after both an error and feedback, suggesting a more evaluative function ( for fMRI evidence, see also ).

The dorsal and rostral areas of the ACC both seem to be affected by rewards and losses associated with errors.

A study confirming this notion explored the functions of both the dorsal and rostral areas of the ACC involved using a saccade task.

Results showed differing activation for the rostral and dorsal ACC areas.

Whenever the dorsal area was active, fewer errors were committed providing more evidence that the ACC is involved with effortful performance.

Participants with ADHD were found to have reduced activation in the dorsal area of the ACC when performing the Stroop task.

Cameron S. Carter and Vincent van Veen theorize that the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ( ACC ) and the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ( DLPFC ) play an important role in goal directed behavior.

BMP from the dorsal end of the neural tube seems to act in the same concentration-dependent manner as Shh in the ventral end.

The Squilla mechanism seems be similar to this ancestral state because a large diameter axon in the dorsal nerve chord facilitates limb promoter motor neurons.

Sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) is a key player in patterning the ventral axis, while Bone morphogenic proteins ( Bmp ) and Wnt family members play an important role in patterning the dorsal axis.

In mature males, the dorsal fin is greatly enlarged and colourful ( it is this feature that gives the species its common name ) and the caudal fin is similarly colourful ; these conspicuous secondary sexual features play a role in female mate choices.

Furthermore, GIRKs have been found to play a role in a group of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, specifically those associated with the neuropeptide hormone orexin.

Rhythmic movements of the tongue, that participate in swallowing, mastication and respiration, are driven by hypoglossal nuclei, which receive inputs from the dorsal medullary reticular column ( DMRC ) and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius ( NTS ).< ref > The hypoglossal nucleus receives rhythmic excitatory inputs also from brainstem respiratory neurons within the pre-Boetzinger complex, which appears to play an important role in the origin of respiration rhythmogenesis.

The key distinguishing feature is the white to pale yellow patch found behind the dorsal fin of the dolphin on each side.

The key characteristics of the species was the absence of a clear petiole when viewed from above due to the third abdominal tergite ( the sclerite on the dorsal side ) lacking a differentiated pretergite.

The black tip with a light border on the first dorsal fin is a key identifying trait of this shark.

A key factor in the neural plasticity underlying neuropathic pain is altered gene expression in sensory dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) neurons.

Goldberg suggested that the associative visual form of agnosia results from damage to the ventral stream of the brain, the occipito-temporal stream, which plays a key role in object recognition as the so-called “ what ” region of the brain, as opposed to the “ where ,” dorsal stream.

Thus, although many mutants are known in Drosophila, which affect migratory processes, these tend to fall into two groups: transcription factors ( such as slow border cells ( slbo ), which affects the migration of the border cells ) or key regulator proteins ( such as C-Jun N-terminal kinases ( JNK ), which controls dorsal closure ).

Attributions using the bias show activation in the dorsal striatum, which plays a role in motivated behavior, as well as in the dorsal anterior cingulate.

A role for the dorsal column in nociceptive visceral input into the thalamus of primates.

This substrate appears to act on the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, which is the target for serotonergic output from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei playing a role in maintaining the circadian rhythm and regulation of blood sugar.

Substance P ( SP ) is a neuropeptide produced by capsaicin neuron cell bodies ( localized in trigeminal ganglia and dorsal root ) and plays a major role in dental pain and inflammation.