As distinguished by its unique language, this civilization endured from the time of the earliest Etruscan inscriptions ( ca.

In his earliest forms, he appears to have been related to the Etruscan deity Turms, but most of his characteristics and mythology were borrowed from the analogous Greek god, Hermes.

One of the earliest depictions of erotic flagellation is found in a 6th century BC Etruscan burial site named in modern times the Tomba della Fustigazione or " Tomb of Flogging " after its depictions of eroticized flagellation.

The concept of a ship carrying more than one mast, to give it more speed under sail and to improve its sailing qualities, evolved in northern Mediterranean waters: The earliest foremast has been identified on an Etruscan pyxis from Caere, Italy, dating to the mid-7th century BC: a warship with a furled mainsail is engaging an enemy vessel, deploying a foresail.

The stone coffers of the ancient Greeks and Romans are the earliest surviving examples, but a seventh-century BC Etruscan chamber tomb in the necropolis of San Giuliano, which is cut in soft tufa-like stone reproduces a ceiling with beams and cross-beams lying on them, with flat panels fillings the lacunae.

The Villanovan culture was the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy, abruptly following the Bronze Age Terramare culture and giving way in the 7th century BC to an increasingly orientalizing culture influenced by Greek traders, which was followed without a severe break by the Etruscan civilization.

Paul Kretschmer ( 2 May 1866 – 9 March 1956 ) was a German linguist who studied the earliest history and interrelations of the Indo-European languages and showed how they were influenced by non-Indo-European languages, such as Etruscan.

The earliest foresail, or two-masted ship, has been identified on an Etruscan pyxis from Caere, Italy, dating to the mid-7th century BC: a warship with a furled mainsail is engaging an enemy vessel, deploying a foresail.

Among the earliest known uses of sampi in this function is an abecedarium from Samos dated to the mid-7th century BC.

Hippolytus of Rome ( d. 235 ) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Roman Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August.

The earliest known discussion of the topic arose soon after the French colonization of West Africa, when the Comité d ' Etudes commissioned a study on desséchement progressif to explore the prehistoric expansion of the Sahara Desert.

The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin ( d. AD 609 ).

The earliest evidence known comes from the 15th century, with the arms being De sable à la croix pattée d ' argent.

* date unknown – Jack Broughton, English bare-knuckle fighter who produced the earliest known rules of boxing ( d. 1789 )

** John Haggin, " Indian fighter " and one of the earliest settlers of Kentucky ( d. 1825 )

* Snorri Thorfinnsson, Viking chieftain ( earliest possible date ; d. c. 1090 )

His earliest compositions in the medium, e. g. Chef d ' Oeuvre and Newark Airport Rock attracted attention because they established a new tradition some have called programmatic electronic music.

Liu Ying ( d. 71 CE ), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han ( r. 57 – 75 CE ), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism.

One of the earliest and anatomically convincing examples is the gaunt cadaver effigy of the medieval physician Guillaume de Harsigny ( d. 1393 ) at Laon.

The earliest known advocates of British Israelism include M. le Loyer, an early 16th-century French Huguenot magistrate ; Adriaan van der Schrieck, a Flemish scholar ( d. 1621 ); Vincenzo Galilei ; the English antiquarian Henry Spelman ; Jakob Abbadie ; and John Sadler.

The earliest written mention of the Denis d ' or dates from 1753, but it is likely that it already existed around 1748.

The earliest known reference to the river was on a 1732 map by French cartographer d ' Anville who labeled it the River of the Padoucas.

Among the earliest were Francesca Caccini's La liberazione di Ruggiero dall ' isola d ' Alcina (" The Liberation of Ruggiero from Alcina's Island ", 1625 ) and Luigi Rossi's Il palazzo incantato ( 1642 ).

According to Patrick Robertson's Film Facts, " the earliest pornographic motion picture which can definitely be dated is A L ' Ecu d ' Or ou la bonne auberge " made in France in 1908.

There have also been purely instrumental settings, one of the earliest of which was Charles Valentin Alkan ’ s Le festin d ' Ésope (" Aesop ’ s Feast ", 1857 ), a set of piano variations in which each variation is said to depict a different animal or scene from Aesop ’ s fables.

Let y < sub > 1 </ sub >, y < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., y < sub > d </ sub > be the children of x, indexed in order of the times they were most recently made children of x ( y < sub > 1 </ sub > being the earliest and y < sub > d </ sub > the latest ), and let c < sub > 1 </ sub >, c < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., c < sub > d </ sub > be their respective degrees.

One of the earliest spiced biscuits was gingerbread, in French pain d ' épices, meaning " spice bread ", brought to Europe in 992 by the Armenian monk Grégoire de Nicopolis.

* Chanson d ' Antioche, apparently begun by Richard le Pèlerin c. 1100 ; earliest surviving text by Graindor de Douai c. 1180 ; expanded version 14th century

The earliest surviving edition ( c. 1553 ) was printed at London by William Copland ( d. 1569 ); an Edinburgh edition, from the press of Henry Charteris ( d. 1599 ), followed in 1579.

The earliest examples of this style dating from around 1020-1050 ( the Micrologus of Guido d ' Arezzo and the Winchester Troper ) utilise parallel motion and oblique motion ( upper voice moving while the tenor holds one note ), but the introduction of contrary motion ( voices moving in opposite directions ) as well as similar motion ( voices moving in the same direction, but to different intervals ) led to progressively freer musical lines — a prerequisite element of counterpoint.

Some of the earliest historiographic texts ( ABC 19, 20 ) suggest he rebuilt the city of Babylon ( Bab-ilu ) in its new location near Akkad.

The earliest known representation of angels with wings is on what is called the Prince's Sarcophagus, discovered at Sarigüzel, near Istanbul, in the 1930s, and attributed to the time of Theodosius I ( 379-395 ).

The earliest pictures assigned to him by some are altar-pieces with the monogram H. B. interlaced, and the date of 1496, in the monastery chapel of Lichtenthal near Baden-Baden.

During the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, who was mayor of Changsha near the end of the 2nd century AD, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen.

Iraq holds a special distinction in the history of geography: a clay tablet generally accepted as " the earliest known map " was unearthed in 1930 during the excavation of Ga-Sur at Nuzi Yorghan Tepe, near the towns of Harran and Kirkuk, north of the site of Babylon.

The earliest known key-based lock was built during the Assyrian Empire in Khorsabad near Nineveh about 704 BC.

However, the earliest known idea to indicate the possibility of diseases spreading by yet unseen organisms was that of the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in a 1st century BC book titled On Agriculture in which he warns against locating a homestead near swamps:

The earliest patent was taken out by Henry Palmer in the UK in 1821, and the design was employed at Deptford Dockyard in South-East London, and a short line for moving stone from a quarry near Cheshunt, Hertfordshire to the River Lea.

The earliest specific aprisio grant that has been identified was at Fontjoncouse, near Narbonne ( see Lewis, links ).

The earliest fossil of Ostrich-like birds is the Palaeotis living near the Asiatic steppes, from the Middle Eocene, a middle-sized flightless bird that was originally believed to be a bustard.

The earliest ziggurats began near the end of the Early Dynastic Period.

The earliest signs of human settlement in present-day Slovenia were found in the Pekel cave in the Loza Woods near Orehek in Inner Carniola, where two stone tools approximately 250, 000 years old were recovered.

Topelius was born at Kuddnäs, near Nykarleby in Ostrobothnia, the son of a physician of the same name ( Zacharias Topelius the Elder ), who was distinguished as the earliest collector of Finnish folk-songs.

While traveling to Luoyang, Zhang passed by a hot spring near Mount Li and dedicated one of his earliest fu poems to it, the Wenquan ( 溫泉 ).

With the exception of Iraq ed-Dubb, the earliest carbon-14 dated remains of domesticated emmer wheat were found in the earliest levels of Tell Aswad, in the Damascus basin, near Mount Hermon in Syria.

One of the earliest such fields was Paris – Le Bourget Airport at Le Bourget, near Paris.

The earliest known historical record of the Cheyenne comes from the mid-seventeenth century, when a group of Cheyenne visited the French Fort Crevecoeur, near present-day Chicago, Illinois.

The earliest gold-seekers were people who lived near California or people who heard the news from ships on the fastest sailing routes from California.

The earliest known United States shooting to happen on school property was the Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre on July 26, 1764, where four Lenape American Indians entered the schoolhouse near present-day Greencastle, Pennsylvania, shot and killed schoolmaster Enoch Brown, and killed nine or ten children ( reports vary ).

In the near vicinity of the arch is the Chauvet-Pont-d ' Arc Cave, containing the earliest known paleolithic cave paintings, about 30. 000 years old ( See also the 3D documentary Cave of Forgotten Dreams by film director Werner Herzog ).

One of the earliest known depictions of a landscape in Chinese art comes from a pair of hollow-tile door panels from a Western Han Dynasty tomb near Zhengzhou, dated 60 BCE.

At the suggestion of August Derleth, he rewrote many of his earliest stories, which he had originally set in the Massachusetts locales of Arkham, Dunwich and Innsmouth, and relocated them to English settings in and around the fictional Gloucestershire city of Brichester, near the River Severn, creating his own Severn Valley milieu for Lovecraftian horrors.

Evidence of the earliest established society other than the Đông Sơn culture in Northern Vietnam was found in Cổ Loa, the ancient city situated near present-day Hà Nội.