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The earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term " hypnotism " as an abbreviation for " neuro-hypnotism ", or nervous sleep, which he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as: " a peculiar condition of the nervous system, induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature.
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Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".
In his earliest work, Against the Heathen-On the Incarnation, written before 319, he repeatedly quoted Plato and used a definition from the Organon of Aristotle.
" The contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva, which is also the earliest known Mahāyāna definition.
Although not normally thought of as biotechnology, agriculture clearly fits the broad definition of " using a biotechnological system to make products " such that the cultivation of plants may be viewed as the earliest biotechnological enterprise.
The earliest known map is a matter of some debate, both because the definition of " map " is not sharp and because some artifacts speculated to be maps might actually be something else.
The frequentist interpretation is a philosophical approach to the definition and use of probabilities ; it is one of several, and, historically, the earliest to challenge the classical interpretation.
" The earliest known publication of the definition was in the February 1986 edition of the now-discontinued GNU's Bulletin publication of FSF.
From earliest times, some kind of government has arguably been a vital part of every human society — though this refers only to a particularly loose definition of government.
The Oxford English Dictionary ( 2nd ed., 1989 ) kludge entry cites one source for this word's earliest recorded usage, definition, and etymology: Jackson W. Granholm's 1962 " How to Design a Kludge " article, which appeared in the American computer magazine Datamation.
Under this broader definition, the earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago.
Herzog Zwei, released for the Sega Genesis in 1989, is the earliest example of a game with a feature set that falls under the contemporary definition of modern real-time strategy.
* Telephone broadcasting ( 1881 – 1932 ): the earliest form of electronic broadcasting ( not counting data services offered by stock telegraph companies from 1867, if ticker-tapes are excluded from the definition ).
Early lathes, those prior to the late medieval period, and modern woodworking lathes and potter's wheels may or may not fall under this definition, depending on how one views the headstock spindle itself ; but the earliest lathe with direct mechanical control of the cutting tool's path was a screw-cutting lathe dating to about 1483.
The earliest such definition of the intensive property molality and of its adjectival unit, the now-deprecated molal ( formerly, a variant of molar, describing a solution of unit molar concentration ), appear to have been coined by G. N. Lewis and M. Randall in their 1923 publication of Thermodynamics and the Free Energies of Chemical Substances.
It is recognized in the earliest definition of business intelligence ( BI ), in an October 1958 IBM Journal article by H. P.
Finding the earliest joint-stock company is a matter of definition.
The advent of Homo was thought to coincide with the first evidence of stone tools ( the Oldowan industry ), and thus by definition with the beginning of the Lower Palaeolithic ; however, recent evidence from Ethiopia now places the earliest evidence of stone tool usage at before 3. 39 million years ago.
The major contributor to this study has been Albert Pick who published some of the earliest catalogues of paper money and through them explained the objective of collecting paper money and the definition of it.
His earliest popular work was a small pamphlet now called Oven-Ready Chaos ( formerly Condensed Chaos, a title that has been appropriated since for one of his full length books ) which outlined a brief and simple " definition " of magic ( k ), a brief history of the school of practice called chaos magic and an outline of some of its basic approaches, which presented a number of simple techniques.
One of the earliest examples of a written definition of cybersquatting was the Intermatic Inc. v. Toeppen, 947 F. Supp.
The earliest recorded definition of Database Marketing was in 1988 in the book of the same name ( Shaw and Stone 1988 Database Marketing ):
Although lack of a precise definition for lampworking makes it difficult to determine when this technique was first developed, the earliest verifiable lampworked glass is probably a collection of beads thought to date to the fifth century BC.
Baird's earliest television images had very low definition.
earliest and was
Fing, a lean, chiseled, impeccable gentleman of the old school who was once mistaken on the street for Sir Cedric Hardwicke, is responsible for the rediscovery of Verdi's earliest, most raucous opera, Nabisco, a sumptuous bout-de-souffle with a haunting leitmotiv that struck me as being highly reminiscent of the Mudugno version of `` Volare ''.
Because negative pressure dialysis gave better recovery of proteins, permitted detection of proteins concentrated from very dilute solutions and was a gentler procedure, it was used in all but the earliest experiments.
From the earliest days of the motor car industry, before the A.L.A.M. was established, patent infringement loomed as a serious and vexing problem.
Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.
His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.
With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.
Some time after this mosaic was executed, the earliest depictions of Christ would also be beardless and haloed.
The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars.
One of the earliest examples of almost modern factory layout, designed for easy material handling, was the Bridgewater Foundry.
One of the earliest group automorphisms ( automorphism of a group, not simply a group of automorphisms of points ) was given by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856, in his Icosian Calculus, where he discovered an order two automorphism, writing:
One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed
The earliest known record of argot was in a 1628 document.
The earliest known Christian monastic communities ( see Monasticism ) consisted of groups of cells or huts collected about a common center, which was usually the house of some hermit or anchorite famous for holiness or singular asceticism, but without any attempt at orderly arrangement.
Although Dio is the earliest writer to mention them, Ammianus Marcellinus used the name to refer to Germans on the Limes Germanicus in the time of Trajan's governorship of the province shortly after it was formed, circa 98 / 99.
His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.
The earliest " year names ", whereby each year of a king's reign was named after a significant event performed by that king, date from the reign of Sargon the Great.
Hippolytus of Rome ( d. 235 ) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Roman Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August.
Apart from the lost Handboc or Encheiridion, which seems to have been a commonplace book kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the Dialogues of Gregory the Great, a book greatly popular in the Middle Ages.
It was confirmed in 2010 that these remains belong to her — one of the earliest members of the English royal family.
This is a history of Spain from the earliest times down to 1456, and was printed at Granada in 1545, and also in the Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores aliquot, by R. Bel ( Frankfort, 1579 ).
His earliest years were passed in the monastery of Siresa, learning to read and write and to practice the military arts until the tuition of Lope Garcés the Pilgrim, who was repaid for his services by his former charge with the county of Pedrola when Alfonso came to the throne.
Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.
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