According to Emile Benveniste ( 1954 ), the earliest written occurrence in English of civilisation in its modern sense may be found in Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society ( Edinburgh, 1767 – p. 2 ): " Not only the individual advances from infancy to manhood, but the species itself from rudeness to civilisation.

The earliest attested occurrence of the name, written in Linear B, is Po-se-da-o or Po-se-da-wo-ne, which correspond to Poseidaōn and Poseidawonos in Mycenean Greek ; in Homeric Greek it appears as ( Poseidaōn ); in Aeolic as ( Poteidaōn ); and in Doric as ( Poteidan ), ( Poteidaōn ), and ( Poteidas ).

The earliest occurrence of the term " red-shift " in print ( in this hyphenated form ), appears to be by American astronomer Walter S. Adams in 1908, where he mentions " Two methods of investigating that nature of the nebular red-shift ".

The earliest occurrence of this name dates from the 11th century Song Dynasty, at which time there was already a river confluence and a town with this name in the area.

At the time, this was believed to be the earliest occurrence of life on land.

Fowden however asserts that the earliest occurrence of the name was in the Athenagora by Philo of Byblos circa 64 – 141 CE.

The word's earliest occurrence is in the Rigveda where it is one of several synonyms of soma, the drink which confers immortality upon the gods.

According to the 2003 draft entry for " felch " in the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest occurrence of the word in print appears to have been in The Argot of the Homosexual Subculture by Ronald A. Farrell in 1972.

The earliest known occurrence of the full phrase, in the form " There ain't no such thing as free lunch ", appears as the punchline of a joke related in an article in the El Paso Herald-Post of June 27, 1938, entitled " Economics in Eight Words ".

The earliest known occurrence of the spells included in the Book of the Dead is from the coffin of Queen Mentuhotep, of the 13th dynasty, where the new spells were included amongst older texts known from the Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts.

The earliest occurrence of ß is in the " Wolfdietrich fragment ", which was written around 1300 AD.

The earliest documented occurrence of ancient siege-artillery pieces in China was the levered principled traction catapult and an 8-foot-high siege crossbow from the Mozi ( Mo Jing ), a Mohist text written at about the 4th-3rd century BCE by followers of Mozi who founded the Mohist school of thought during the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States period.

The earliest reported occurrence of the species is from a late Illinoian deposit in Clay County, Nebraska, and is further recorded from Sangamonian deposits in Nebraska and Medicine Hat.

The earliest known occurrence of the word " avoirdupois " ( or some variant thereof ) in England is from a document entitled Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris or Treatise on Weights and Measures.

In 1771, the second vehicle is said to have gone out of control and knocked down part of the Arsenal wall, ( reported to be the first known automobile accident ); however according to Georges Ageon, the earliest mention of this occurrence dates from 1801 and it does not feature in contemporary accounts.

Statements exhibiting prejudice towards Jews and their religion can also be found in the works of a few pagan Greek and Roman writers, but the earliest occurrence of antisemitism has been the subject of debate among scholars, largely because different writers use different definitions of antisemitism.

Oakley's name has been variously spelt through the ages ( parenthesised dates denote earliest occurrence ): Achelei ( 1086 ); Akeley ( 12th century ), Aclei, Acle, Ocle ( 13th century ); Ocle iuxta Brehull ( 14th century ); and Whokeley ( 16th century ).

Example of a salvaged U. S. Air Mail Crash Cover ( CAM # 24, Indianapolis, IN, Nov. 2, 1929 ) Crashes of flights carrying airmail were a regular occurrence from the earliest days of mail transport by air.

The earliest confirmed occurrence of the name Lavapura is on silver coins inscribed Lava on the obverse and Pura on the reverse in a Pallava-derived script of the seventh or eighth century ; several such coins were reccovered in 1966 from a hoard found in an ancient jar in U Thong.

Bishop J. B. Lightfoot wrote that absence of the passage from the earliest manuscripts, combined with the occurrence of stylistic characteristics atypical of John, together implied that the passage was an interpolation.

The earliest recorded occurrence of the name Joanna, in Luke 8: 3, refers to the disciple " Joanna the wife of Chuza ," who was an associate of Mary Magdalene.

# The earliest occurrence of trisyllabic laxing occurred in late Old English, and caused stressed long vowels to become shortened before clusters of two consonants when two or more syllables followed.

Daniel Pipes investigated the origin of the phrase " Satanic Verses ", and concluded that despite Salman Rushdie's claim that he had borrowed the phrase from Tabari, the earliest traceable occurrence is in Muir's Life of Mohamet ( 1858 ) in a passage discussing " two Satanic verses ".

In the earliest known occurrence of this problem, in the medieval manuscript Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes, the three objects are a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage.

He has shown considerable ingenuity in adapting his earliest symbols and devices to the new work, and the fact that he has kept a body of constant symbols through all of his experiments gives an unexpected continuity to his poetry.

Some of the earliest historiographic texts ( ABC 19, 20 ) suggest he rebuilt the city of Babylon ( Bab-ilu ) in its new location near Akkad.

All the earliest English criminal trials involved wholly extraordinary and arbitrary courts without any settled law to apply, whereas the civil ( delictual ) law operated in a highly developed and consistent manner ( except where a King wanted to raise money by selling a new form of writ ).

Smith's most celebrated short story is his first-published, " Scanners Live in Vain ", which led many of its earliest readers to assume that " Cordwainer Smith " was a new pen name for one of the established giants of the genre.

Christian alternative music has its roots in the early 1980s, as the earliest efforts at Christian punk and new wave were recorded by artists like Andy McCarroll and Moral Support, Undercover, The 77s, Adam Again, Quickflight, Daniel Amos, Youth Choir ( later renamed The Choir ), Lifesavers Underground, Michael Knott, The Altar Boys, Breakfast with Amy, Steve Taylor, 4-4-1, David Edwards and Vector.

* 1877 – Thomas Edison, using his new phonograph, makes one of the earliest recordings of a human voice, reciting " Mary Had a Little Lamb ".

Sessions for the planned album Toy, intended to feature new versions of some of Bowie's earliest pieces as well as three new songs, commenced in 2000, but the album was never released.

The comic poet, Aristophanes, is the earliest known critic to characterize Euripides as a spokesman for destructive, new ideas, associated with declining standards in both society and tragedy ( see Reception for more ).

All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.

Even in the earliest years of the discipline, educational psychologists recognized the limitations of this new approach.

An example of modern paleontological progress is the application of synchrotron X-ray tomographic techniques to early Cambrian bilaterian embryonic microfossils that has recently yielded new insights of metazoan evolution at its earliest stages.

A report by archaeologist Rakesh Tewari on Lahuradewa, India shows new C14 datings that range between 8000 BC and 9000 BC associated with rice, making Lahuradewa the earliest Neolithic site in entire South Asia.

The earliest foundations of Ayurveda were built on a synthesis of traditional herbal practices together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new nosologies and new therapies dating from about 400 BCE onwards, and coming out of the communities of thinkers who included the Buddha and others.

He also described the earliest concept of metabolism, and developed new systems of physiology to replace the Avicennian and Galenic systems, while discrediting many of their erroneous theories on the four humours, pulsation, bones, muscles, intestines, sensory organs, bilious canals, esophagus, stomach, etc.

Since it takes many generations for a microbe and a new host species to co-evolve, an emerging pathogen may hit its earliest victims especially hard.

One of the earliest and most vocal critics, however, came to appreciate the new gallery once he saw it in person.

The earliest discovered private archives were kept at Ugarit ; besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

One of the earliest examples of these kinds of conversions was in Damascus, Syria, where in 705 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I bought the church of St. John from the Christians and had it rebuilt as a mosque in exchange for building a number of new churches for the Christians in Damascus.

In its earliest incarnation, new issues of the magazine appeared erratically, between four and seven times a year.

After the initial opening of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, Potsdamer Platz became one of the earliest locations where the Wall was " breached " to create a new border crossing between East and West Berlin.

The earliest attested terms referring to wine are the Mycenaean Greek me-tu-wo ne-wo (), meaning " the month of new wine " or " festival of the new wine ", and wo-no-wa-ti-si, meaning " wine garden ", written in Linear B inscriptions.