This is a history of Spain from the earliest times down to 1456, and was printed at Granada in 1545, and also in the Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores aliquot, by R. Bel ( Frankfort, 1579 ).

The two oldest printed Chinese calendars are dated 877 and 882 ; they were found at the Buddhist pilgrimage site of Dunhuang ; Patricia Ebrey writes that it is no surprise that some of the earliest printed items were calendars, since the Chinese found it necessary to calculate and mark which days were auspicious and which were not.

Amongst the earliest books to be printed were magical texts ; the nóminas were one example of this, consisting of prayers to the saints used as talismans.

A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book.

The very earliest published work on growing terrestrial plants without soil was the 1627 book Sylva Sylvarum by Francis Bacon, printed a year after his death.

Today there is a large antique market for the earliest printed objects.

Perhaps as a result of this, and the fact that Le Morte D ' Arthur was one of the earliest printed books in England, published by William Caxton in 1485, most later Arthurian works are derivative of Malory's.

The earliest printed documents in Kashubian date from the end of the 16th century.

The earliest printed book from the Netherlands that has been dated with any certainty is from 1473.

In the 15th century Ptolemy's Geographia began to be printed with engraved maps ; the earliest printed edition with engraved maps was produced in Bologna in 1477, followed quickly by a Roman edition in 1478 ( Campbell, 1987 ).

The earliest printed dance manuals come from late 16th century France and Italy.

The earliest dance manual printed in England did not appear until 1651.

An emphasis on oral transmission as more important than the printed word derives from the earliest period of Indian Buddhism, when it allowed teachings to be kept from those who should not hear them.

* 1774: earliest known printed publication of the lyrics together with the music in volume two of " Recueil de Romances " by M. D. L.

* The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein in the Mogao Caves in China ; it is " the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book ".

* Elia Levita's chivalric romance, the Bovo-Bukh, is first printed, the earliest published secular work in Yiddish.

* 1814 – Calcutta I, the earliest existing Arabic printed version, is published by the British East India Company.

The earliest surviving edition was printed in 1592 ; the full title being, The Spanish Tragedie, Containing the lamentable end of Don Horatio, and Bel-imperia: with the pittifull death of olde Hieronimo.

The earliest surviving woodblock printed fragments are from China and are of silk printed with flowers in three colours from the Han Dynasty ( before 220 A. D .), and the earliest example of woodblock printing on paper appeared in the mid-seventh century in China.

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

There is no mention of Euclid in the earliest remaining copies of the Elements, and most of the copies say they are " from the edition of Theon " or the " lectures of Theon ", while the text considered to be primary, held by the Vatican, mentions no author.

" The earliest known publication of the definition was in the February 1986 edition of the now-discontinued GNU's Bulletin publication of FSF.

The earliest authorized edition of the Lewis and Clark journals reside in the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library at the University of Montana.

Duchesne incorporates the Annales Romani ( 1044 – 1187 ) into his edition of the Liber Pontificalis, which otherwise relies on the two earliest known recissions of the work ( 530 and 687 ).

However, A. R. Braunmuller in the New Cambridge edition finds the 1605 – 6 arguments inconclusive, and argues only for an earliest date of 1603.

Michael Neill, editor of the Oxford Shakespeare edition, notes that the earliest critical references to Othello's colour, ( Thomas Rymer's 1693 critique of the play, and the 1709 engraving in Nicholas Rowe's edition of Shakespeare ), assume him to be Sub-Saharan, while the earliest known North African interpretation was not until Edmund Kean's production of 1814.

In the case of Macbeth, mainstream scholar A. R. Braunmuller, in the New Cambridge edition, finds the post-1605 arguments for the play inconclusive, and argues only for an earliest date of 1603.

Leonard Cox's The Art or Crafte of Rhetoryke ( c. 1524-1530 ; second edition published in 1532 ) is considered to be the earliest text on rhetorics in English ; it was, for the most part, a translation of the work of Philipp Melanchthon.

" Or, as the author of the eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica article noted, " To the topographer, as to the genealogist, its evidence is of primary importance, as it not only contains the earliest survey of each township or manor, but affords, in the majority of cases, a clue to its subsequent descent.

This is the earliest edition which was translated by Guṇabhadra in 443 CE, and divided into four fascicles.

: The first edition was very close to the second Bomberg edition, but with variants added from a number of manuscripts and all of the earliest printed editions, collated with far more care than the work of Kennicott ; he did all the work himself.

* 1904 Facsimile of earliest American compilation, John Newberry's Mother Goose's Melody, 1791 edition

The earliest critical edition is that of Jakob Gronovius ( Leyden, 1706 ).

The earliest Boy Scout Handbook to include the taut-line hitch was the 5th edition, published in 1948.

The library also includes six rare editions of the Divina Commedia ; the first of these, the Brescia edition of 1487, is the library's earliest book.

The Mishnah and the Tosefta ( compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200 ) are the earliest extant works of rabbinic literature, expounding and developing Judaism's Oral Law, as well as ethical teachings.

Fing, a lean, chiseled, impeccable gentleman of the old school who was once mistaken on the street for Sir Cedric Hardwicke, is responsible for the rediscovery of Verdi's earliest, most raucous opera, Nabisco, a sumptuous bout-de-souffle with a haunting leitmotiv that struck me as being highly reminiscent of the Mudugno version of `` Volare ''.

Because negative pressure dialysis gave better recovery of proteins, permitted detection of proteins concentrated from very dilute solutions and was a gentler procedure, it was used in all but the earliest experiments.

From the earliest days of the motor car industry, before the A.L.A.M. was established, patent infringement loomed as a serious and vexing problem.

Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

Some time after this mosaic was executed, the earliest depictions of Christ would also be beardless and haloed.

The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars.

One of the earliest examples of almost modern factory layout, designed for easy material handling, was the Bridgewater Foundry.

One of the earliest group automorphisms ( automorphism of a group, not simply a group of automorphisms of points ) was given by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856, in his Icosian Calculus, where he discovered an order two automorphism, writing:

One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed

The earliest known record of argot was in a 1628 document.

The earliest known Christian monastic communities ( see Monasticism ) consisted of groups of cells or huts collected about a common center, which was usually the house of some hermit or anchorite famous for holiness or singular asceticism, but without any attempt at orderly arrangement.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

Although Dio is the earliest writer to mention them, Ammianus Marcellinus used the name to refer to Germans on the Limes Germanicus in the time of Trajan's governorship of the province shortly after it was formed, circa 98 / 99.

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

The earliest " year names ", whereby each year of a king's reign was named after a significant event performed by that king, date from the reign of Sargon the Great.

Hippolytus of Rome ( d. 235 ) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Roman Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August.

Apart from the lost Handboc or Encheiridion, which seems to have been a commonplace book kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the Dialogues of Gregory the Great, a book greatly popular in the Middle Ages.

It was confirmed in 2010 that these remains belong to her — one of the earliest members of the English royal family.

His earliest years were passed in the monastery of Siresa, learning to read and write and to practice the military arts until the tuition of Lope Garcés the Pilgrim, who was repaid for his services by his former charge with the county of Pedrola when Alfonso came to the throne.

Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.