The earliest Greek word for a statue is " delight " ( άγαλμα: agalma ), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision.

Its earliest members included noted scientists like William Crookes, and philosophers such as Henry Sidgwick and William James.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

Alemannic runic inscriptions such as those on the Pforzen buckle are among the earliest testimonies of Old High German.

Many cultures have built devices that travel through the air, from the earliest projectiles such as stones and spears, the boomerang in Australia, the hot air Kongming lantern, and kites.

As a result of this work, many of the questions such as which families represent the earliest branches of angiosperms have now been answered.

Although not normally thought of as biotechnology, agriculture clearly fits the broad definition of " using a biotechnological system to make products " such that the cultivation of plants may be viewed as the earliest biotechnological enterprise.

Companies such as Green Knight and Pagan Publishing earliest works were built to support Chaosium's games.

File: Mosaic2-plw. jpg | Room 49-Hinton St Mary Mosaic, Roman Britain, circa 4th century ( one of the earliest representations of Christ and the only such portrait on a mosaic floor from anywhere in the Roman Empire )

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

# Alchemy in Greco-Roman Egypt 642 CE, the earliest Western alchemists such as Mary the Jewess, Cleopatra the Alchemist, and Zosimos of Panopolis described early laboratory equipment.

Some of the earliest examples of this technology implemented input / output processing such as direct memory access as a separate thread from the computation thread.

The earliest descriptions of a global communications network came long before the World Wide Web entered popular awareness, though not before traditional science-fiction writers such as Arthur C. Clarke and some social commentators such as James Burke began predicting that such networks would eventually form.

This idea came from common law, and the earliest conception of a criminal act involved events of such major significance that the " State " had to usurp the usual functions of the civil tribunals, and direct a special law or privilegium against the perpetrator.

He gave a series of lectures on unit operations at the Manchester Technical School ( University of Manchester today ) in 1887, considered to be one of the earliest such about chemical engineering.

From the earliest times knights and mounted men-at-arms had frequently dismounted to handle enemies they could not overcome on horseback, such as in the Battle of the Dyle ( 891 ) and the Battle of Bremule ( 1119 ), but after 1350s this trend became more marked with the dismounted men-at-arms fighting as super-heavy infantry with two-handed swords and poleaxes.

Cy Young's career is seen as a bridge from baseball's earliest days to its modern era ; he pitched against stars such as Cap Anson, already an established player when the National League was first formed in 1876, as well as against Eddie Collins, who played until 1930.

The earliest radiocarbon determinations obtained from key sites such as Oakbank in Loch Tay or Redcastle, Beauly Firth approach the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age transition at their widest interpretation at 2 sigma or 95. 4 % probability, falling after c. 800BC and therefore could only be considered Late Bronze Age by the narrowest of margins.

The first known reference to one was by Johann Speth in 1693 and the earliest such extant signed and dated clavichord was built in 1716 by Johann Michael Heinitz.

This practice is an application of the belief that not all who claim to be Christians are part of the Catholic Church, as Ignatius of Antioch, the earliest known writer to use the term " Catholic Church ", considered that certain heretics who called themselves Christians only seemed to be such.

Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain, and, along with others such as Richardson, is among the founders of the English novel.

As such the book offered one of the earliest published versions of the Stab-in-the-back legend.

The earliest use of the river for such economic activities was the shipping of furs for trade as early as the 17th century.

The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest use ( as " Androides ") to Ephraim Chambers ' Cyclopaedia, in reference to an automaton that St. Albertus Magnus allegedly created.

The earliest written reference to the town, under the name of Habensperch, came from this time, in around 1138.

In the earliest reference to this land, a letter outlining the treaty violations of the Hittite vassal Madduwatta, it is called Ahhiya.

The earliest reference to the idea of non-violence to animals ( pashu-ahimsa ), apparently in a moral sense, is in the Kapisthala Katha Samhita of the Yajurveda ( KapS 31. 11 ), which may have been written in about the 8th century BCE.

* c. 500 BC: The earliest reference to Pachisi in the Mahabharata, the Indian epic.

* c. 400 BC: The earliest written reference to go ( weiqi ) in the historical annal Zuo Zhuan.

20 ) contains earliest known reference to Latrunculi ( often confused with Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum, Ovid's game mentioned below ).

* 1 BC – 8 AD: Ovid's Ars Amatoria contains earliest known reference to Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum.

* c. 600: The earliest reference to shatranj written in Karnamak-i-Artakhshatr-i-Papakan.

The earliest extant reference to the first foliation of the Nowell Codex was made sometime between 1628 and 1650 by Franciscus Junius ( the younger ).

The earliest of these was a casual reference on May 3, 1921:

The earliest known reference to croquet in Scotland is the booklet called The Game of Croquet, its Laws and Regulations which was published in the mid-1860s for the proprietor of Eglinton Castle, the Earl of Eglinton.

The earliest written reference to crochet refers to slip stitch crochet | shepherd's knitting from The Memoirs of a Highland Lady by Elizabeth Grant ( 1797 – 1830 ) in the 19th century.

According to Dr Rupert Thompson, the Orator of The University of Cambridge, the earliest reference to drinking games in Western literature is from Plato's Symposium The Drinking Party.

Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the writings of Ptolemy ( the Egyptian astronomer and cartographer ) in about 140 AD provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there.

" One year later, the earliest recorded use in reference to a theological distinction was by Sir Thomas More, who spoke of " Tyndale his evangelical brother Barns ".

The earliest written reference to a flute is from a Sumerian-language cuneiform tablet dated to c. 2600-2700 BCE.

His book includes the earliest known reference to roux using pork fat.

The adjective derived from this noun, * þiudiskaz, " popular ", was later used with reference to the language of the people in contrast to the Latin language ( earliest recorded example 786 ).

The terminus ad quem, or latest possible date, for Luke is bound by the earliest papyri manuscripts that contains portions of Luke ( late 2nd / early 3rd century )< ref > P < sup > 4 </ sup >, P < sup > 45 </ sup >, P < sup > 69 </ sup >, P < sup > 75 </ sup >, and P < sup > 111 </ sup ></ ref > and the mid to late 2nd century writings that quote or reference Luke.

The earliest clear written record of iron horseshoes is a reference to " crescent figured irons and their nails " in AD 910.

It bears what is generally thought to be the earliest extra-biblical Semitic reference to the name Yahweh ( YHWH ), whose temple goods were plundered by Mesha and brought before his own god Kemosh.

The earliest written references that have survived relating to the islands were made by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, where he states that there are 30 " Hebudes ", and makes a separate reference to " Dumna ", which Watson ( 1926 ) concludes is unequivocally the Outer Hebrides.

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, written in the 17th century BC, contains the earliest recorded reference to the brain