The Air Force Office of Scientific Research has provided financial assistance in the early stages of the Institute's program.

The development of toolpath control via jigs, fixtures, for machine tools ( such as the screw-cutting lathe, metal planer and milling machine ) during the early 19th century provided the prerequisites for the modern assembly line by making interchangeable parts a practical reality.

Wool production provided an early basis for the South Australian economy.

During the early 20th century, Alicante was a minor capital that enjoyed the benefit of Spain's neutrality during World War I, and that provided new opportunities for the local industry and agriculture.

" His early years were spent with his mother and brother in the London district of Kennington ; Hannah had no means of income, other than occasional nursing and dressmaking, and Chaplin Sr. provided no support for his sons.

In early 1962 ( as mentioned above ), Clipperton provided a home to nine crewmen of the sunken tuna clipper MV Monarch, who were stranded on the island for 23 days from February 6 to March 1 of that year.

Phytoplankton recovery in the early Paleocene provided the food source to support large benthic foraminiferal assemblages, which are mainly detritus-feeding.

Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services.

The sagas they created were elaborate and convoluted ( and still exist in partial manuscripts ) and provided them with an obsessive interest during childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood.

Successful treatment hinges on early diagnosis provided by a high index of suspicion and the use of CT scanning, nonoperative treatment for uncomplicated cases, and sometimes elective right hemicolectomy to prevent recurrence.

They also enabled tunable oscillators in early discrete tuning of radios, where a cheap and stable, but fixed-frequency, crystal oscillator provided the reference frequency for a voltage-controlled oscillator.

The developing petroleum industry in the early 20th century provided the impetus for the development of accurate design methods such as the McCabe-Thiele method and the Fenske equation.

An early European account of Taoism was provided by the Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault in their De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas ( 1615 ).

As early as 1866, the Civil Rights Act provided a remedy for intentional race discrimination in employment by private employers and state and local public employers.

Special education was only provided to people with severe disabilities in its early years, but more recently it has been opened to anyone who has experienced difficulty learning.

Another early appearance on record followed in 1987, where Enya provided spoken ( not sung ) vocals in Irish on the song " Never Get Old " on Sinéad O ' Connor's debut album, The Lion and the Cobra.

The mercury battery using zinc and mercuric oxide provided higher levels of power and capacity than the original dry cell for early electronic devices, but has been phased out of common use due to the danger of mercury pollution from discarded cells.

Okrent, based on discussions with colleagues at USA Today, credits Rotisserie league baseball with much of USA Today's early success, since the paper provided much more detailed box scores than most competitors and eventually even created a special paper, Baseball Weekly, that almost exclusively contained statistics and box scores.

The standard pattern for early film studios was provided by the studio which Georges Méliès had built in 1897.

He also authored several lesbian stories under the name " Laurajean Ermayne " for Vice Versa and provided publishing assistance in the early days of the Daughters of Bilitis.

Apart from these factors, hard work and long hours at full capacity among the population in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s and extra labor supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter (" guest workers ") provided a vital base for the economic upturn.

In July 1982, the opening of the Batcave in London's Soho provided a prominent meeting point for the emerging scene, which would be briefly labeled " positive punk " by the NME in a special issue with a front cover in early 1983.

Two early figures stand out: Hippias of Elis, who produced the lists of winners in the Olympic Games that provided the basic chronological framework as long as the pagan classical tradition lasted, and Hellanicus of Lesbos, who compiled more than two dozen histories from civic records, all of them now lost.

The PDP-10 machine AI at MIT, which was running the ITS operating system and which was connected to the Arpanet, provided an early hacker meeting point.

The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Afghans, Balochis, Sikhs, and Marathas to exercise control over large areas in the northwest of the subcontinent until the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.

Early implementations were for the DEC PDP-7 and PDP-11 minicomputers using early Unix, and Honeywell 36-bit mainframes running the operating system GCOS.

An early version of yacc was produced with this PDP-11 configuration.

Many early PDP-11 applications were developed using standalone paper-tape utilities.

The 32-bit VAX series was descended from it, and early VAX models had a PDP-11 compatibility mode.

Early computers ( such as the IBM 650, DEC PDP-5 through PDP-8, early models of the PDP-11, and early microcomputers such as the Altair 8800 ) have a row of dials or toggle switches on the front panel that allow the operator to manually enter the boot instructions into memory before transferring control to the CPU.

RSX-11 is a family of real-time operating systems mainly for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ), common in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

* PDP-11, an early example of a computer architecture using memory-mapped I / O

* LSI-11, an early large-scale integration computer processor that implemented the DEC PDP-11 instruction set

When Unix was ported to one of the first DEC PDP-11 / 20s it did not have memory protection and, therefore, early versions of Unix used the relocatable memory reference model.

During the 1970s and early 1980s, Plessey manufactured a series of computer systems and peripherals compatible with Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11.

BASIC-PLUS was an extended dialect of the BASIC programming language developed by Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ) for use on its RSTS / E time-sharing operating system for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers in the early 1970s through the 1980s.

:" The naming goes back to the early days of UNIX on the PDP-11.

The Unibus was the earliest of several computer bus technologies used with PDP-11 and early VAX systems manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ) of Maynard, Massachusetts.

Ian Stocks was one of the graduate students who worked on this fast-turnaround 2-pass compiler, and the compiler ( for the Digital Equipment PDP-11 minicomputer ) was completed in the early 1970s.

UNSW professor John Lions ' famous Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition was an edited selection of the main parts of the kernel as implemented for a Digital PDP-11 / 40, and was the main source of kernel documentation for many early Unix developers.

However, for backward compatibility with early HTML authors and browsers that ignored this restriction, raw characters and numeric character references in the 80 – 9F range are interpreted by some browsers as representing the characters mapped to bytes 80 – 9F in the Windows-1252 encoding.

Games of the DOS and early Windows eras typically required compatibility with either Ad Lib or SoundBlaster audio cards.

In addition many early DVD players could not read recordable ( CD-R ) media, and this limited the compatibility of home-made VCDs.

The processor speed and memory capacity of modern PCs are many orders of magnitude greater than they were for the original IBM PC and yet backwards compatibility has been largely maintained – a 32-bit operating system can still operate many of the simpler programs written for the OS of the early 1980s without needing an emulator, though an emulator like DOSBox now has near-native functionality at full speed.

Under normal circumstances, all Hi-Fi VHS VCRs will record Hi-Fi and linear audio simultaneously to ensure compatibility with VCRs without Hi-Fi playback, though only early high-end Hi-Fi machines provided linear stereo compatibility.

From as early as 1969 various patents have been issued, covering such uses as uni-directional, bi-directional, and compatibility with auto-shut-off and anti-tape-eating mechanisms.

In the early days of less-than-100 % IBM PC compatible systems, Flight Simulator and Lotus 1-2-3 were used as unofficial compatibility test software for new PC clone models.

The early IBM System / 36 and IBM System / 38 series customers were a key target of the AS / 400, so OS / 400 ( and its descendants i5 / OS and IBM i ), have built-in subsystems that provide backward compatibility with these earlier IBM general business systems.

* IDE True ATA ( very early ATA internal Zip drives mostly sold to OEMs ; these drives exhibit software compatibility issues because they do not support the ATAPI command set )

These type of switches were used on early video cards for early computers to facilitate compatibility with other video standards.

Actual PC software compatibility, however, required third party software such as SoftPC, which allowed some MS-DOS and early Microsoft Windows programs to run, or Connectix Virtual PC, which allowed the Mac to run Windows via full PC emulation.

Mainboards using this chipset and equipped with CPUs such as the Intel 80486DX4, AMD 5x86 or Cyrix Cx5x86 processors had performance and compatibility comparable with early Intel Pentium systems in addition to a lower price.

* Executor ( software ), a emulator / compatibility layer for early 68k Macs.

Though ( or maybe because ) the early and new systems are totally different and completely incompatible from the design point of view ( though a train equipped with ATB-NG also has an ATB-EG system on-board, so the system has backward compatibility ), they do not interfere with each other: they both can safely be installed at the same track.

From this standpoint, issues such as the implementation of early design reviews, enabling communication between engineers, software compatibility and opening the design process up to allow for concurrency creates problems of its own.

An Alpha build of WinPad in the early days of development showing off stylus compatibility.

Standardization of screw threads has evolved since the early nineteenth century to facilitate compatibility between different manufacturers and users.

The kernel developers consider it technically inadequate, and the compatibility layers in Linux for other operating systems convert STREAMS operations into sockets as early as possible.