The use of a maximum dose of ACE inhibitors in such patients ( including for prevention of diabetic nephropathy, congestive heart failure, prophylaxis of cardiovascular events ) is justified, because it improves clinical outcomes, independent of the blood pressure-lowering effect of ACE inhibitors.

* Class I agents have the most potent negative inotropic effect and may cause heart failure.

The Viking siege of Paris ( 885 – 6 A. D .) “ saw the employment by both sides of virtually every instrument of siege craft known to the classical world, including a variety of catapults ,” to little effect, resulting in failure.

The failure of negotiations between Emperor Louis IV and the papacy led in 1338 to the declaration at Rhense by six electors to the effect that election by all or the majority of the electors automatically conferred the royal title and rule over the empire, without papal confirmation.

The abject failure of Ribbentrop's Iraq scheme in May 1941 had a totally opposite effect to the one intended.

Prostaglandins serve to dilate the afferent arteriole ; by blocking this prostaglandin-mediated effect, particularly in renal failure, NSAIDs cause unopposed constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased renal perfusion pressure.

Renal failure is especially a risk if the patient is also concomitantly taking an ACE inhibitor ( which removes angiotensin II's vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole ) and a diuretic ( which drops plasma volume, and thereby RPF )-the so-called " triple whammy " effect.

The Pauli effect is a term referring to the apparently mysterious ' anecdotal ' failure of technical equipment in the presence of certain people.

In 1934, Pauli saw a failure of his car during a honeymoon tour with his second wife as proof of a real Pauli effect since it occurred without an obvious external cause.

The law had little effect, but the government's failure to build roads hindered the development of road transportation.

Thucydides ' presentation of events is generally even-handed ; for example, he does not minimize the negative effect of his own failure at Amphipolis.

In particular, the failure of the government to conduct a thorough, credible, and transparent investigation into the 2000 disappearance and murder of independent journalist Georgiy Gongadze has had a negative effect on Ukraine's international image.

The failure of later negotiations with the papacy led in 1338 to the declaration at Rhense by six electors to the effect that election by all or the majority of the electors automatically conferred the royal title and rule over the empire, without papal confirmation.

Because of the cliff effect, it can be difficult for users to tell if a particular system is right on the edge of failure, or if it can tolerate much more noise before failing.

Possible mathematical definitions for the spoiler effect include failure of the independence of irrelevant alternatives ( IIA ) axiom, and vote splitting.

The couple lives mostly on credit, and while Rawdon seems to be too dim-witted to be aware of the effect of his borrowing on the people around him, Becky is fully aware that her heavy borrowing and her failure to pay bills bankrupts at least two innocent people: her servant, Briggs, whose life savings Becky borrows and fritters away, and her landlord Raggles, who was formerly a butler to the Crawley family and who invested his life savings in the townhouse that Becky and Rawdon rent ( and fail to pay for ).

This may be experienced as dyspnea ( difficulty breathing ), but when severe can lead to respiratory failure, due to the buildup of unexhaled carbon dioxide and its resultant depressant effect on the brain.

It attributed deflationary spirals to the reverse effect of a failure of a central bank to support the money supply during a liquidity crunch.

But the actual economic effect of its failure was much wider ; the company also acted as a de facto bank in the Territory, allowing advances to be drawn on the company as credit.

The failure of the campaign of 1760, wielded by the inept Count Buturlin, induced the court of Versailles, on the evening of 22 January 1761, to present to the court of Saint Petersburg a dispatch to the effect that the king of France by reason of the condition of his dominions absolutely desired peace.

A study released in November 2009 characterized the smart-growth policies in the U. S. state of Maryland as a failure, concluding that " here is no evidence after ten years that laws have had any effect on development patterns.

The initial commercial failure of Iridium had a dampening effect on other proposed commercial satellite constellation projects, including Teledesic.

A related concept is materiomics, which is defined as the holistic study of the material properties of biological materials, and their effect on the macroscopic function and failure in their biological context.

At the same time, the Bank of Canada began to raise interest rates in order to meet a zero inflation target ; the experiment was regarded as a failure that exacerbated the effect of the recession in Canada.

* 1928 – C. V. Raman discovers Raman effect.

* 1929 – The Kellogg – Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect ( it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers ).

During the following administrations, since 1928, many of the revolutionary ideals were put into effect, among them the free distribution of land to peasants and farmers, the nationalization of the oil companies, the birth and rapid growth of the Social Security Institute as well as that of Labor Unions, and the protection of national industries.

His contemporary Lewis Stadler also showed the mutational effect of X-ray on barley in 1928, and ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation on maize in 1936.

‪ File: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. jpg ‬| Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 – 1928 ): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time .‬‬‬

The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, went into effect in this year ( it was first signed in Paris in 1928 by most leading world powers ).

** The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect ( it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers ).

The approval of the " pocket battleship " programme by the government in November 1928 was largely due to pressure from the Reichswehr, which formed a " state within the state ", and was a major blow to German democracy in that the military successfully pressured the government into approving something that it had been elected in order to stop ; in effect the military claimed the right on matters of national defence to overrule the elected politicians.

During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the aviation companies in Spain were combined and became state-controlled as a general interest public utility, coming into effect in early 1928.

Evelyn Waugh ( 1903 – 66 ) satirised the " bright young things " of the 1920s and 1930s, notably in A Handful of Dust ( 1934 ), and Decline and Fall ( 1928 ), while Brideshead Revisited ( 1945 ) has a theological basis, setting out to examine the effect of divine grace on its main characters.

This law, as well as the August 7, 1920, Law on the Disarmament of the People passed in light of the Versailles Treaty, remained in effect until 1928, when the German parliament enacted the Law on Firearms and Ammunition ( April 12, 1928 )— a law which relaxed gun restrictions and put into effect a strict firearm licensing scheme.

J. Cabannes, P. Daure and Y. Rocard were among the scientists who, in 1928, discovered that gases diffusing monochromatic light could also change their wavelength ( the Cabannes-Daure effect ).

This took effect in 1928.

In 1922, Indian physicist C. V. Raman published his work on the " Molecular Diffraction of Light ," the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that ultimately led to his discovery ( on 28 February 1928 ) of the radiation effect that bears his name.

The Raman effect was first reported by C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, in 1928.

As a result of this research, Landsberg and Mandelstam discovered the effect of the inelastic combinatorial scattering of light on 21 February 1928 (" combinatorial " – from combination of frequencies of photons and molecular vibrations ).

It is so-called " wave inertia effect " discovered in 1890 by British scientist George Hartley Bryan ( 1864 – 1928 ).

The state constitution provided the framework of a legal system much like that in effect in the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928.

A revised International Opium Convention was signed at Geneva on February 19, 1925, which went into effect on September 25, 1928, and was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on the same day.

The Wahlund effect was first documented by the Swedish geneticist Sten Wahlund in 1928.

From 1926 until 1928 he taught physics at University of California, Berkeley, after which he returned to the University of Chicago, where he studied the Compton effect and the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction.