Time efficiency estimates depend on what we define to be a step.

The question then is what approximations of these conditions guarantee approximations of market efficiency, and which failures in competition generate overall market failures.

In general, the efficiency of a given heat transfer process ( whether it be a refrigerator, a heat pump or an engine ) is defined informally by the ratio of " what you get out " to " what you put in.

By taking both in-role and extra-role performance into account, industrial – organizational psychologists are able to assess employees ' effectiveness ( how well they do what they were hired to do ), efficiency ( their relative outputs to relative inputs ), and their productivity ( how much they help the organization reach its goals ).

In addition, miniature engines suffer from an adverse surface to volume ratio ; the relatively large surface area transfers away what little heat is generated in the small combustion volume resulting in quenching and low efficiency.

Circa stardate 2534. 0 ( 2266 ), in the Original Series episode " Patterns of Force ," cultural observer and historian John Gill openly created a regime based on Nazi Germany on a primitive planet in a misguided effort to create a society which combined what he ( mistakenly ) viewed as the high efficiency of a fascist dictatorship with a more benign philosophy, thereby contaminating the normal and healthy development of the planet's culture.

As Sam Peltzman puts it " Economists know what steps would improve the efficiency of HSE safety, and environmental regulation, and they have not been bashful advocates of them.

She recognises that efficiency isn't everything, that people not profit are what matters.

This allows ignition timing to be advanced beyond what is normally allowed before the onset of detonation, thus increasing the overall efficiency still further.

Even though the theory on why and how the non-mechanized factories gradually replaced the small artisan shops is still ambiguous, what is apparent is that the larger-scale factories enjoyed technological gains and advance in efficiency over the small artisan shops.

They are being ruthless and most determined .” After the July 1934 Night of The Long Knives, in which the Nazis ruthlessly exterminated their internal dissidents, Reith wrote: “ I really admire the way Hitler has cleaned up what looked like an incipient revolt .” After Czechoslovakia was invaded by the Nazis in 1939 he wrote: “ Hitler continues his magnificent efficiency .” Reith also expressed admiration for Mussolini .. Reith's daughter, Marista Leishman, revealed how her father in the 1930s did everything possible to keep Winston Churchill and other anti-appeasement Conservatives off the airwaves.

Lovins also believes that many customers " don't know what the best efficiency buys are, where to get them, or how to shop for them ".

As the feet leave the ground, air is expelled from the lungs by what amounts to an internal piston ; bringing the feet forward ready for landing fills the lungs again, providing further energy efficiency.

Lean manufacturing is a variation on the theme of efficiency based on optimizing flow ; it is a present-day instance of the recurring theme in human history toward increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas.

Taylor also warned explicitly against cutting piece rates ( or, by implication, cutting wages or discharging workers ) when efficiency improvements reduce the need for raw labor: "… after a workman has had the price per piece of the work he is doing lowered two or three times as a result of his having worked harder and increased his output, he is likely entirely to lose sight of his employer's side of the case and become imbued with a grim determination to have no more cuts if soldiering time, just doing what he is told can prevent it.

Arthur Pigou had previously developed the concept of economic externalities in a publication of 1920 in which he proposed that what is now referred to as a Pigouvian tax equal to the negative externality should be used to bring the outcome within a market economy back to economic efficiency.

To what extent does the one-way rule of direction affect the efficiency of communication in the organization, in addition to the morale and motivation of subordinates?

Organizations should strive for what is considered a " healthy " organizational culture in order to increase productivity, growth, efficiency and reduce counterproductive behavior and turnover of employees.

He invented what he called the Heat Economiser ( now generally known as the regenerator ), a device for improving the thermal / fuel efficiency of a variety of industrial processes, obtaining a patent for the economiser and an engine incorporating it in 1816.

In several of these cases, efficiency can be expressed as a result as percentage of what ideally could be expected, hence with 100 % as ideal case.

They form what is now known as random packing, and enabled Raschig to perform distillations of much greater efficiency than his competitors using fractional distillation columns with trays.

As a result, Mégret regularly criticizes this situation, like during interventions en French television channels LCI and I > télé, where he exposes what he thinks to be Louis Aliot's ( Front national general secretary ), and, mostly Marine Le Pen's strategy to minimize the contribution and the efficiency of the Union des patriotes.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

( Earley's original algorithm included a look-ahead in the state ; later research showed this to have little practical effect on the parsing efficiency, and it has subsequently been dropped from most implementations.

In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and later submitted a request to Sultan Ahmed III, who granted Muteferrika the permission to publish non-religious books ( despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders.

Some of the adaptive solutions are to compensate for the disadvantages of being 70, 000 light years from port, such as the airponics bay and the transformation of the Captain's dining room to a kitchen, and later acquires enhancements from aliens in the Void that massively increases replicator efficiency.

The later version of this theorem is stronger — has weaker conditions — since monotonicity, non-imposition, and independence of irrelevant alternatives together imply Pareto efficiency, whereas Pareto efficiency, non-imposition, and independence of irrelevant alternatives together do not imply monotonicity.

The S and NE sectors were later abolished and in 1917, as a wartime measure to improve efficiency, the districts were further subdivided with a number applied to each sub-district.

For a discussion on how the choice of particular instructions available on a specific machine effect efficiency, see later section ' Choice of instruction and data type '.

It was improved a year later when F. C. Hennie and Richard Stearns improved the efficiency of the Universal Turing machine.

Collisions also decrease network efficiency on a collision domain ; if two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both devices must retransmit at a later time.

The later TU-144D featured turbojet engines with comparable efficiency.

" A year and a half later, during her husband's campaign for the presidency, The New York Times called her " a paragon of wifely virtues " whose " efficiency makes other women feel slothful and untalented ".

In his later career as a management consultant — following the invention of the Gantt chart — he also designed the ' task and bonus ' system of wage payment and additional measurement methods worker efficiency and productivity.

Many years later we asked our customers whether they wished us to provide an option to switch off these checks in the interest of efficiency on production runs.

Special Orders allow ships to move / turn faster, reload their ordnance, or increase the efficiency of their firing, at the cost of being less able to perform other functions later in the turn ( or in other turns ); for example, if a ship uses a Special Order to increase power to the engines to turn, the ship's firepower is halved that turn.

Following a 1726 report on the efficiency of the new system, which he drafted and presented simultaneously to Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy, and a later request submitted to Sultan Ahmed III, he received permission to publish non-religious books ( despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders ).

Military drilling later was used by the Roman Army to maximise efficiency and deadliness throughout their long history.

He was later quoted as describing his training as that of an " efficiency expert ".

Some later variations of the system were designed solely to provide improvements in fuel efficiency.

) For example Akerlof and Katz 1989: if older workers receive efficiency wages, younger workers may be prepared to work for less in order to receive those later.

To improve efficiency and allow for more session data, the server may compress the data before creating the cookie, decompressing it later when the cookie is returned by the client.

For efficiency reasons, the 80386 and later x86 processors use the base address stored in their internal segment descriptor cache whenever accessing memory, regardless of whether they are operating in real or protected mode.

In 1944 he worked on the Manhattan project in the efficiency group and calculated how neutrons behaved in Fat Man, the atomic bomb that was later detonated over Nagasaki, Japan.

Taylor explored what he termed " scientific management " ( later referred to by others as " Taylorism "), striving to improve economic efficiency in manufacturing jobs.