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The electronic properties and the conductivity of a semiconductor can be changed in a controlled manner by adding very small quantities of other elements, called “ dopants ”, to the intrinsic material.
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electronic and properties
These include models to study the electronic properties of solids, such as the Drude model, the Band structure and the density functional theory.
Calculating electronic properties of metals by solving the many-body wavefunction is often computationally hard, and hence, approximation techniques are necessary to obtain meaningful predictions.
One of the most convenient, and certainly the most traditional presentation of the elements, is in form of periodic table, which groups elements with similar chemical properties ( and usually also similar electronic structures ) together.
Examples of such properties are structure ( i. e. the expected positions of the constituent atoms ), absolute and relative ( interaction ) energies, electronic charge distributions, dipoles and higher multipole moments, vibrational frequencies, reactivity or other spectroscopic quantities, and cross sections for collision with other particles.
Electronic engineering involves the design and testing of electronic circuits that use the properties of components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.
Analog computers take advantage of the strong similarities between the mathematics of small-scale properties — the position and motion of wheels or the voltage and current of electronic components — and the mathematics of other physical phenomena, for example, ballistic trajectories, inertia, resonance, energy transfer, momentum, and so forth.
A liquid crystal display ( LCD ) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.
:* Electronic properties of materials, and solid-state physics, for the understanding of the electronic, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties of materials
:* Semiconductor materials and semiconductor devices, for a specialized understanding of the advanced processes used in industry ( e. g. crystal growth techniques, thin-film deposition, ion implantation, photolithography ), their properties, and their integration in electronic devices
Although muonium is short-lived, physical chemists use it in a modified form of electron spin resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of chemical transformations and the structure of compounds with novel or potentially valuable electronic properties.
At the time, few except cancer researchers were interested in the electronic properties of conductive polymers, in theory applicable to the treatment of melanoma.
It can be said that the electronic structure of a molecule or crystal implies essentially its chemical properties.
The nature of the SEM's probe, energetic electrons, makes it uniquely suited to examining the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor materials.
X-ray crystal structures can also account for unusual electronic or elastic properties of a material, shed light on chemical interactions and processes, or serve as the basis for designing pharmaceuticals against diseases.
The molecules utilized have properties that resemble traditional electronic components such as a wire, transistor or rectifier.
The significant amount of energy due to charging has to be taken into account when making calculations about the electronic properties of the setup and is highly sensitive to distances to conducting surfaces nearby.
Employing the properties of electrical switches to process logic is the basic concept that underlies all modern electronic digital computers.
The memristor's unique properties allow for the creation of smaller and better-performing electronic devices.
Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors.
The term " polarization " may also refer to the through-bond ( inductive or resonant effect ) or through-space influence of a nearby functional group on the electronic properties ( e. g., dipole moment ) of a covalent bond or atom.
Hydration also affects electronic and vibrational properties of biomolecules.
The principal sources of 1 / f noise in electronic devices are almost invariably the slow fluctuations of properties of the condensed-matter materials of the devices.
electronic and conductivity
Vacuum tubes and sprytrons are some of the electronic switching and amplifying devices based on vacuum conductivity.
Some electrical and electronic products use silver for its superior conductivity, even when tarnished.
The property of semiconductors that makes them most useful for constructing electronic devices is that their conductivity may easily be modified by introducing impurities into their crystal lattice.
By assuming that the material contains immobile positive ions and an " electron gas " of classical, non-interacting electrons, the Drude model was able to explain electrical and thermal conductivity and the Hall effect in metals, although it greatly overestimated the electronic heat capacity.
Vacuum tubes and sprytrons are some of the electronic switching and amplifying devices based on vacuum conductivity.
As the name implies, a barrier metal must limit copper diffusivity sufficiently to chemically isolate the copper conductor from the silicon below, yet have high electrical conductivity in order to maintain a good electronic contact.
Synthetic moissanite is also interesting for electronic and thermal applications because its thermal conductivity is similar to that of diamonds.
These long chain compounds have surprising electronic properties-high electrical conductivity, for example-arising from sigma delocalization of the electrons in the chain.
Both color changes and conductivity changes are induced by the same mechanism — twisting of the polymer backbone, disrupting conjugation — making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide a range of optical and electronic responses.
Its electronic conductivity must be kept as low as possible to prevent losses from leakage currents.
In physics, the Wiedemann – Franz law states that the ratio of the electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity ( κ ) and the electrical conductivity ( σ ) of a metal is proportional to the temperature ( T ).
As the name implies, a barrier metal must have high electrical conductivity in order to maintain a good electronic contact, while maintaining a low enough copper diffusivity to sufficiently chemically isolate these copper conductor films from underlying device silicon.
Measurements of the thermal Hall conducitivity are used to distinguish between the electronic and lattice contributions to thermal conductivity.
If high boiling solvents like methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbitol are added conductivity increases many orders of magnitude which makes it also suitable as a transparent electrode, for example in touchscreens, organic light-emitting diodes and electronic paper to replace the traditionally used indium tin oxide.
electronic and semiconductor
Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor in use after doped silicon.
The term " memory " is often ( but not always ) associated with addressable semiconductor memory, i. e. integrated circuits consisting of silicon-based transistors, used for example as primary memory but also other purposes in computers and other digital electronic devices.
Diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices.
The most common microelectronic components are semiconductor transistors, although all main electronic components ( resistors, capacitors, inductors ) can be created at a microscopic level.
Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control.
The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering.
Germanium " metal " ( isolated germanium ) is used as semiconductor in transistors and various other electronic devices.
* Integrated circuit, an electronic circuit whose components are manufactured in one flat piece of semiconductor material
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit ( also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip ) is an electronic circuit manufactured by lithography, or the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
Integrated circuit originally referred to a miniaturized electronic circuit consisting of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components bonded to a substrate or circuit board.
In his patent application of 6 February 1959, Kilby described his new device as “ a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated .” The first customer for the new invention was the US Air Force.
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.
The metal – oxide – semiconductor field-effect transistor ( MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET ) is a transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals.
Both the quartz and film badge type are being superseded by the TLD and electronic semiconductor type, which can have a number of sophisticated functions such as alarming at preset levels and live readout of dose accumulated.
There are several other sources of noise in electronic circuits such as shot noise, seen in very low-level signals where the finite number of energy-carrying particles becomes significant, or flicker noise ( 1 / f noise ) in semiconductor devices.
* An improved guidance system, incorporating semiconductor integrated circuits and miniaturized discrete electronic parts.
To create active electronic elements, the first key step was to chemically dope a semiconductor nanowire.
They are metallic-looking brittle solids, with intermediate to relatively good electrical conductivities, and each having the electronic band structure of either a semiconductor or a semimetal.
All the elements commonly recognized as metalloids ( or their compounds ) have found application in the semiconductor or solid-state electronic industries.
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