Other debilitating scandals included " Arms to Iraq " – the ongoing inquiry into how government ministers including Alan Clark ( also involved in an unrelated scandal involving the revelation of his affair with the wife and both daughters of a South African judge ) had encouraged businesses to supply arms to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, in breach of the official arms embargo, and how senior ministers had, on legal advice, attempted to withhold evidence of this official connivance when directors of Matrix Churchill were put trial for breaking the embargo.

Due to the outbreak of the Korean War and the resulting embargo of the People's Republic by the West, the brewery was forced to use domestic products, and the government encouraged the peasants in Shandong to harvest the necessary raw materials ( mainly hops and barley ) themselves.

On May 29, 1948, the British initiated United Nations Security Council Resolution 50 and declared an arms embargo on the region.

Because rising tensions with the British resulted in President Jefferson's embargo of British trade, Audubon's business was not thriving.

In response to this arms build up, the British Parliament established an embargo on firearms, parts and ammunition on the American colonies.

The peace settlement was in effect only a cease fire, and Napoleon continued to provoke the British by attempting a trade embargo on the country and by occupying the German city of Hanover ( a fief of the British crown ).

* December 17 – The British government begins an oil embargo against Rhodesia ; the United States joins the effort.

In October 1973, he placed a British arms embargo on all combatants in the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur war, which mostly affected the Israelis by preventing them obtaining spares for their Centurion tanks.

British merchant marine appropriated the lucrative trade routes relinquished by U. S. shippers due to the embargo.

The embargo was a financial disaster for the Americans because the British were still able to export goods to America: initial loopholes overlooked smuggling by coastal vessels from Canada, whaling ships and privateers from overseas ; and widespread disregard of the law meant enforcement was difficult.

Acheson implemented the Lend-Lease policy that helped re-arm Great Britain and the American / British / Dutch oil embargo that cut off 95 percent of Japanese oil supplies and escalated the crisis with Japan in 1941.

Because of the still-important role of the Dutch in the European carrying trade this opened up a large loophole in the British embargo.

The British therefore unilaterally declared naval stores to be contraband and enforced their embargo by arresting Dutch ( and other neutral ) ships on the high seas.

As a response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government on the 16 May 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree on the 21 November 1806, which brought into effect a large-scale embargo against British trade.

One of Perceval ’ s first tasks in Cabinet was to expand the Orders in Council that had been brought in by the previous administration and were designed to restrict the trade of neutral countries with France, in retaliation to Napoleon ’ s embargo on British trade.

The trade embargo brought trade in the Benin River region to a standstill, and the British traders and agents of the British trading firms quickly appealed to the Protectorate ’ s Consul-General to ‘ open up ’ Benin territories, and send the King ( whom they claimed was an ‘ obstruction ’) into exile.

Napoleon wanted a trade embargo against Britain, through which he hoped to wreck the British economy.

The British embargo on wool and wool clothing exports to the U. S. prior to the 1812 British / U. S. war led to a " Merino Craze ", with William Jarvis of the Diplomatic Corps importing at least 3, 500

The South African Army used the British Alvis Saracen APC before the acquisition of spare parts become problematic due to the international arms embargo of apartheid South Africa.

Following the reports of Rhodesia defying the oil embargo by sea, the British felt pressure to take action and thus prove their commitment to sanctions.

By now expressions of Iranian anger against lack of support for nationalization included a distinct lack of mourning following the assassination of anti-nationalization prime minister Haj Ali Razmara, and a raucous walkout of protest by newspaper reporters when a visiting American diplomat urged ' reason as well as enthusiasm ' to deal with the British embargo of Iran.

Jefferson increasingly believed the problem was the traders and merchants who showed their lack of " republican virtue " by not complying and maintained until his death that had the embargo been lawfully observed by all US citizens it would have avoided war which after its repeal, three days before his term ended, soon followed in 1812.

Widespread evasion of the maritime and inland trade restrictions by American merchants, as well as loopholes in the legislation, greatly reduced the impact of the embargo on the intended targets in Europe.

The New England merchants who evaded the embargo were imaginative, daring, and versatile.

Gordinier ( 2001 ) examines how the merchants of New London, Connecticut, organized and managed the cargoes purchased and sold, and the vessels used during the years before, during, and after the embargo.

" Agitation among the Dutch merchants was further increased by George Ayscue's capture in early 1652 of 27 Dutch ships trading with the royalist colony of Barbados in contravention of an embargo imposed by the Commonwealth.

Agitation among the Dutch merchants had been further increased by George Ayscue's capture in early 1652 of 27 Dutch ships trading with the royalist colony of Barbados in contravention of an embargo.

However, the embargo also hit the Dutch merchants very hard, as much of the grain trade on the Baltic was now diverted to England.

Spanish merchants tried to evade it, as the embargo also did great harm to Spanish economic interests, even to the extent that for a time a famine threatened in Spanish Naples when the Dutch-carried grain trade was cut off.

If the Sudanese government did not do so or if it interfered with humanitarian efforts, the Act authorized the President of the U. S. to seek a UN Security Council resolution for an arms embargo and to actively seek other financial and diplomatic methods to influence the conduct of the Sudanese Government.

Prior to the embargo, the geo-political competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, in combination with low oil prices that hindered the necessity and feasibility for the West to seek alternative energy sources, presented the Arab States with financial security, moderate economic growth, and disproportionate international bargaining power.

Haiti agreed to pay the price to lift a crippling embargo imposed by France, Britain, and the United States — but to do so, the Haitian government had to take out high interest loans.

The United Nations embargo of 1994 put out of work most of the 80, 000 workers in the assembly sector.

Britain has closed its embassy ; ECOWAS has declared an embargo against Mali, aiming to squeeze out Malinese oil supplies ; closed Mali's assets in the ECOWAS regional bank and has prepared a potential intervention force of 3, 000 troops.

" As Ned Sublette points out though: " By the 1960s, with Cuba the object of a United States embargo that still remains in effect today, the island nation had been forgotten as a source of music.

During Thomas Jefferson's embargo of 1807-1809, these same places became the primary places where goods were smuggled out of the nation in defiance of the law.

In 2000, the UN Security Council imposed an arms embargo against military support to the Taliban, with UN officials explicitly singling out Pakistan.

The embargo turned out to be impractical as a coercive measure, and was a failure both diplomatically and economically As implemented, the legislation inflicted devastating burdens on the U. S. economy and the American people.

It was a failure, and most of the band members quit, angered over continual personality problems with Rowland, including Rowland's policy of not speaking to the music press ( Rowland imposed a press embargo in July 1980, and would instead take out ads in the music papers explaining the band's position ).

France pointed out that the latest Roland missiles were manufactured in the early 1990s and thus the manufacturing date was necessarily an error ( it turned out it was probably the expiry date that was indicated ), and affirmed that it had never sold weapons to Iraq in violation of the embargo.

It was joined by Laser 558 another vessel, and while the latter gained a huge audience, the legislation plus a sea embargo monitoring supplies out to Laser drove its operators into insolvency.

Britain imposed its own national sanctions, including an oil embargo, but ruled out invading Rhodesia.

U. S. arms embargo had been in force since March 1958 when armed conflict broke out in Cuba between rebels and the Fulgencio Batista regime.

When student protests, military mutinies and an economic downturn caused by the oil embargo erupted in 1973 into a popular uprising against the government, calls went out for Prime Minister Aklilu to be dismissed.

This embargo was effective at first, creating an instant source of income from the valuable cotton backed bonds, shutting down hundreds of textile factories, and putting thousands of people in Europe out of work ( The Cotton Famine ), but the embargo became a disaster for the Confederacy when the British did not cave in to their demands, choosing instead to import cotton from Egypt and India in 1862.

* The European Union denies ruling out lifting an EU arms embargo on the People's Republic of China before June.

UN arms embargoes are like dams against tidal waves .” The research was conducted during September out of samples of arms and ammunition recovered since the UN arms embargo of 2003.

In 1973, when the Yom Kippur War broke out, the State of Japan supported Arab countries, caving in to an Arab oil embargo.

Following the 1993 trade embargo on UNITA there were frequent " sanction busting " flights out of Zaire.

In 1973, when the Yom Kippur War broke out, the state of Japan supported Arab countries, caving in to an Arab oil embargo.

France pointed out that the latest Roland missiles were manufactured in the early 1990s and thus the manufacturing date was necessarily an error ( it turned out it was probably the expiry date that was indicated ), and affirmed that it had never sold weapons to Iraq in violation of the embargo.

In 2000, the UN Security Council imposed an arms embargo against military support to the Taliban, with UN officials explicitly singling out Pakistan.