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The end of the 18th century saw the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution, and the presence of iron ore, limestone and large coal deposits in south-east Wales meant that this area soon saw the establishment of ironworks and coal mines, notably the Cyfarthfa Ironworks and the Dowlais Ironworks at Merthyr Tydfil.
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end and 18th
Traces of this hidden agenda of the city's history is found in the 18th century guidebooks to Aachen as well as to the other spas ; the main indication for visiting patients, ironically, was syphilis ; only by the end of the 19th century had rheuma become the most important object of cures at Aachen and Burtscheid.
By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.
Jewish families were resident in Ansbach from at least the end of the 18th century.
Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.
The last of these also contained some oral material and by the end of the 18th century this was becoming increasingly common, with collections including John Ritson's, The Bishopric Garland ( 1784 ), which paralleled the work of figures like Robert Burns and Walter Scott in Scotland.
Although the form declined in popularity towards the end of the 18th century its influence can be seen in light operas like that of Gilbert and Sullivan's early works like The Sorcerer as well as in the modern musical.
The first suppers were held in Ayrshire at the end of the 18th century by Robert Burns ' friends on the anniversary of his death, 21 July, In Memoriam and they have been a regular occurrence ever since.
Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke, a 17th-century English jurist and Member of Parliament, wrote several legal texts that formed the basis for the modern common law, with lawyers in both England and America learning their law from his Institutes and Reports until the end of the 18th century.
These first settlements were abandoned after attacks by Spanish privateers, but English privateers often used the Cayman Islands as a base and in the 18th century they became an increasingly popular hideout for pirates, even after the end of legitimate privateering in 1713.
The city was the second-largest in the empire, behind only Constantinople, and, although migration was not the primary source of Cairo's growth, twenty percent of its population at the end of the 18th century consisted of religious minorities and foreigners from around the Mediterranean.
Concord grew in prominence throughout the 18th century, and some of its earliest houses survive at the northern end of Main Street.
Although classical liberalism built on ideas that had already developed by the end of the 18th century, it advocated a specific kind of society, government and public policy as a response to the Industrial Revolution and urbanization.
At the end of the 18th century, the first form of solid chocolate was invented in Turin by Doret.
The repetition of the same caste hierarchy even as recently as the 18th century, in the British / Kandyan period Kadayimpoth-Boundary books as well, indicates the continuation of the tradition right up to the end of Sri Lanka's monarchy.
Omniglot goes so far as to assert " Corsican first appeared in writing towards the end of the 19th century ...." Throughout the 19th and 18th century there was a steady stream of writers in Corsican, many of whom wrote also in other languages.
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it became clear to coastal residents that the city or state that succeeded in developing a cheap, reliable route to the West would enjoy economic success, and that the port at the seaward end of such a route would see business increase greatly.
At the end of the 18th century it became fashionable for wealthy people to spend the Summer by the sea.
Use of flags outside of military or naval context begins only with the rise of nationalist sentiment by the end of the 18th century ; the earliest national flags date to that period, and during the 19th century it became common for every sovereign state to introduce a national flag.
The guild system became a target of much criticism towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.
This understanding remained in place until the end of the 18th century.
Toward the end of the 18th century, Charles Messier compiled a catalog containing the 109 brightest nebulae ( celestial objects with a nebulous appearance ), later followed by a larger catalog of 5, 000 nebulae assembled by William Herschel.
The word " glasnost " has been used in Russian at least since the end of the 18th century.
By the end of the 18th century, three definitions of the gallon were in common use:
The notes were widely imitated, which made ( what is now called ) Gaussian elimination a standard lesson in algebra textbooks by the end of the 18th century.
The end of the 18th and the start of the 19th centuries saw turmoil unleashed throughout Europe by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, which led to French occupation of much of the continent, including Spain.
end and century
Evidence is plentiful that early and later also he has been indebted to the Gothic romancers, who deal in extravagant horror, to the symbolists writing at the end of the preceding century, and in particular to the stream-of-consciousness novelists, Henry James and James Joyce among them.
The tradition reached its apex, perhaps, in the works of Thomas Nelson Page toward the end of the century, and reappeared undiminished as late as 1934 in the best-selling novel So Red The Rose, by Stark Young.
Since writing was practiced in the Aegean before the end of the century, we may hope that the details of tradition will now be occasionally useful.
By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.
As the play opens the audience is introduced to the community of Salem in Puritan America at the end of the eighteenth century.
By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.
The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.
By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.
Such conditions came under the aegis of psychiatry at the end of the 19th century and current psychiatric diagnostic criteria recognize several specific forms of the disorder.
The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century.
Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.
Schweitzer writes that modern Christians of many kinds deliberately ignore the urgent message ( so powerfully proclaimed by Jesus during the 1st century ) of an imminent end of the world.
The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s.
" In the Headingley Test, he made 334, reaching 309 * at the end of the first day, including a century before lunch.
The change spread more slowly in the West, where the office of abbot was commonly filled by laymen till the end of the 7th century.
When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.
Its exponentially larger development at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th occurred among various people over decades, as other aspects of technology allowed.
Being very difficult to measure, only about 60 stellar parallaxes had been obtained by the end of the 19th century, mostly by use of the filar micrometer.
But, by the end of the 4th century Trinitarianism prevailed in the Roman Empire.
Incantations by mystic names were characteristic of the hybrid Gnosticism planted in Spain and southern Gaul at the end of the fourth century and at the beginning of the fifth, which Jerome connects with Basilides, and which ( according to his Epist., lxxv.
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