The endothelial cells lining the sinusoids were prominent, and many contained large quantities of hemosiderin.

The aorta consists of a heterogeneous mixture of smooth muscle, nerves, intimal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblast-like cells, and a complex extracellular matrix.

The red blood cells ( together with endothelial vessel cells and other cells ) are also marked by glycoproteins that define the different blood types.

Besides immune competent cells ( granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte ) a large group of cells-considered previously to be fixed into tissues-are also motile in special physiological ( e. g. mast cell, fibroblast, endothelial cells ) or pathological conditions ( e. g. metastases ).

They can constitute up to a third of the plasma membrane area of the cells of some tissues, being especially abundant in smooth muscle, type I pneumocytes, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells.

Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted ( multipotent ) and are generally referred to by their tissue origin ( mesenchymal stem cell, adipose-derived stem cell, endothelial stem cell, dental pulp stem cell, etc.

Amniotic stem cells are multipotent and can differentiate in cells of adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, endothelial, hepatic and also neuronal lines.

1 follicles, 2 follicular epithelial cells, 3 endothelial cells

This layer is made up of mainly endothelial cells.

Both types of electoporators have been used on a wide range of cells-including E. coli ( for transformation ) and mammalian cells such as neurons, astrocytes, neuroglia, lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells from humans, mice, rats and monkeys ( for transfection ).

Inflammatory cytokines can also signal to the central nervous system more directly by specialized transport mechanisms through the blood – brain barrier, via circumventricular organs ( which are outside the barrier ), or by triggering production of eicosanoids in the endothelial cells of the brain vasculature.

The cytokine factors then bind with endothelial receptors on vessel walls, or interact with local microglial cells.

* Tunica intima ( the thinnest layer ): a single layer of simple squamous endothelial cells glued by a polysaccharide intercellular matrix, surrounded by a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissue interlaced with a number of circularly arranged elastic bands called the internal elastic lamina.

Blood vessel with an erythrocyte ( red blood cell, E ) within its lumen, endothelial cells forming its tunica intima ( inner layer ), and pericytes forming its tunica adventitia ( outer layer )

Paracrine activates epidermal growth factor receptor in endothelial cells of the tumor to do this.

The interior is lined with endothelial cells called tunica intima.

Estrogen appears to have a protector effect on atherosclerosis: it lowers LDL and triglycerides, it raises HDL levels and has endothelial vasodilatation properties plus an anti-inflammatory component.

Since the regulation of vascularization in the mature retina involves a balance between endogenous positive growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF ), rAAV-mediated expression of PEDF, angiostatin, and the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1, which are all antiangiogenic proteins, have been shown to reduce aberrant vessel formation in animal models.

* Fenestrated-Fenestrated capillaries ( derived from " fenestra ," Latin for " window ") have pores in the endothelial cells ( 60-80 nm in diameter ) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse.

There are five growth factors that have been shown to be significantly upregulated and active during tendon healing: insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-I ), platelet-derived growth factor ( PDGF ), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ), and transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-β ).

In the cornea, whose endothelial cells have been known to express RAGE and galectin-3, the accumulation of AGEs is associated with thickened corneal stroma, corneal edema, and morphological changes within patients with diabetes.

For endothelial diseases, such as bullous keratopathy, cadaver corneal endothelial precursor cells have been proven to be efficient.

Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) family proteins do not have sufficient statistical power to accurately predict late-onset pre-eclampsia, but may be useful in detection of early-onset pre-eclampsia.

Many of the older theories can be subsumed under this umbrella, as the soluble factors have been shown to cause, for example, endothelial cell injury, altered vascular reactivity, the classic lesion of glomerular endotheliosis, decreased intravascular volume, inflammation, etc.

These findings have given rise to the hypothesis that pre-eclampsia is a disease process by which a placental lesion such as hypoxia allows increased fetal material into maternal circulation that leads to an immune response and endothelial damage ultimately resulting in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

Since photosensitizers can also have a high affinity for vascular endothelial cells, PDT can be targeted to the blood carrying vasculature that supplies nutrients to tumours, increasing further the destruction of tumours.

These cytokines act on endothelial cells and have a variety of effects including reduced synthesis of anticoagulation factors such as tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thrombomodulin.

Interventional procedures have been plagued by restenosis due to the formation of endothelial tissue overgrowth at the lesion site.

Recent studies have also suggested that activation of CB < sub > 1 </ sub > receptors in human and rodent cardiomyocytes, coronary artery endothelial and inflammatory cells promotes activation of mitogen-activated protein ( MAP ) kinases p38 and JNK, reactive oxygen species generation, cell death, and cardiovascular inflammatory response both in vitro, as well as in models of heart failure, atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation.

New evidence suggests that patients with IBD may have an elevated risk of endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease.

Venule walls have three layers: An inner endothelium composed of squamous endothelial cells that act as a membrane, a middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue.

Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscles, and adventitia that bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue.

Although circulating endothelial microparticles can be found in the blood of normal individuals, increased numbers of circulating endothelial microparticles have been identified in individuals with certain diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular disorders, and pre-eclampsia and various forms of vasculitis.

The endothelial microparticles in some of these disease states have been shown to have arrays of cell surface molecules reflecting a state of endothelial dysfunction.

) means that no technique has yet been identified that would allow endothelial testing to attain routine clinical significance, although there are some tests under clinical evaluation such as measuring of arterial stiffness.

Second, the activated endothelial cells begin to release enzymes called proteases that degrade the basement membrane to allow endothelial cells to escape from the original ( parent ) vessel walls.

Endothelial cells produce a protein called von Willebrand factor ( vWF ), a cell adhesion ligand, which helps endothelial cells adhere to collagen in the basement membrane.

As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with the development of vascular abnormalities, such as capillary basement membrane thickening and endothelial hyperplasia, which contribute to diminished oxygen tension and hypoxia.

If a substance has passed through the glomerular capillary endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes, then it enters the lumen of the tubule and is known as glomerular filtrate.

Both pericytes and endothelial cells share a basement membrane where a variety of intercellular connections are made.

Many types of integrin molecules facilitate communication between pericytes and endothelial cells separated by the basement membrane.

These plaques facilitate the connection of the basement membrane to the cytoskeletal structure composed of actin, and the plasma membrane of the pericytes and endothelial cells.