Scholars have often believed that Ammianus ' work was intended for public recitation for two reasons: the overwhelming presence of accentual clausulae, which implies that it was intended to be read aloud ; and epistle 1063 of Libanius to a Marcellinus of Rome which refers to public recitations.

It is quite likely, however, that the epistle of Galatians was written prior to the Jerusalem council, and that it refers to a meeting between Paul, Barnabas, and Peter, James, and John that happened earlier.

It is more likely that the epistle was written some time before the Jerusalem council, and that teachers came from Jerusalem to Antioch teaching the need for it after Paul wrote his epistle to the Galatians, churches from the first missionary journey, addressing this issue.

He is also traditionally associated with the Epistle of Barnabas, although modern scholars think it more likely that that epistle was written in Alexandria in the 130s.

During this stage a dispute occurred between ad-Darazi and Hamza bin Ali mainly concerning ad-Darazi's ghuluww ( Arabic, " exaggeration "), which refers to the belief that God was incarnated in human beings, especially ' Ali and his descendants, including Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah who was the current Caliph, and ad-Darazi naming himself " The Sword of the Faith " which led Hamza to write an epistle refuting the need for the sword to spread the faith and several epistles refuting the beliefs of the ghulat.

The Protestant reformer Martin Luther denied it was the work of an apostle and termed it an " epistle of straw " as compared to some other books in the New Testament, not least because of the conflict he thought it raised with Paul on the doctrine of justification ( see below ).

* the epistle was only gradually accepted into the ( non-Jewish ) canon of the New Testament.

The wording and syntax of this epistle in its original Greek demonstrates that the author was capable and fluent.

Because this epistle is much shorter than 2 Peter, and due to various stylistic details, some writers consider that Jude was the source for the similar passages of 2 Peter.

The North Galatian view holds that the epistle was written very soon after Paul's second visit to Galatia.

This theory holds that the epistle was written before the Council was convened, possibly making it the earliest of Paul's epistles.

" It is implied that this was different from his ordinary usage, which was simply to write the concluding salutation with his own hand, indicating that the rest of the epistle was written by another hand.

Epaphras was a faithful minister to the Colossians who was visiting Paul when the epistle was written.

The precise time at which it was written is not mentioned in the epistle, but it was obviously written when the collection for Jerusalem had been assembled and Paul was about to " go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints ", that is, at the close of his second visit to Greece, during the winter preceding his last visit to that city.

* εγραφη η προς Ρωμαιους επιστολη δια Τερτιου επεμφτη δε δια Φοιβης απο Κορινθιων της εν Κεγχρεαις εκκλησιας (" the epistle to the Romans was written by Tertius and was sent by Phoebus from the Corinthians of the church in Cenchreae "): only in 337 ;

It has nothing in common with the letter except its form: apart from that one might venture the paradox that the epistle is the opposite of a real letter.

Some ancient sources, such as Hippolytus, and some modern scholars consider that the epistle " from Laodicea " was never a lost epistle, but simply Paul recycling one of his other letters ( the most common candidate is the contemporary Letter to the Ephesians ), just as he asks for the copying and forwarding of the Letter to Colossians to Laodicea.

Though the common authorship of the three epistles is still almost universally accepted, scholars such as Heinrich Julius Holtzmann and C. H. Dodd have maintained that the epistle and the gospel were written by different authors.

They are called thus from their Latin name litterae patentes long used by mediaeval and later scribes when such documents were written in Latin, expressed in the plural, in the ancient sense of a collection of letters of the alphabet arranged to be read rather than in the modern sense of the word as an " epistle " or item of correspondence ; thus no singular form exists.

The most famous letter is the most highly finished and important piece in the collection, the celebrated epistle to " Valentinian, Theodosius, and Arcadius " entreating them to restore the Altar of Victory to its ancient position in the senate house.

In the epistle dedicatory addressed to the king Montagu states his object to be to trace the origins of Christian faith and doctrine, and show that the Anglican position was derived from the ' ancient founts.

... this epistle is the principal and most excellent part of the new testament, and most pure evangelion, that is to say glad tidings and what we call the gospel, and also a light and a way in unto the whole scripture ...

The epistle, Sur l ' amour de Dieu, was a triumphant vindication on the part of Boileau of the dignity of his art.

If written by James the Just, the place and time of the writing of the epistle would be Jerusalem, where James resided before his martyrdom in 62.

Increasingly, critical scholars ascribe the epistle to an early follower writing as Paul.

That Timothy was jailed at least once during the period of the writing of the New Testament is implied by the writer of Hebrews mentioning Timothy's release at the end of the epistle.

In her epistle dedication to Sir Charles Cavendish, her brother in law, Cavendish compares writing poetry to spinning and describes poetry as mental spinning.

As in this epistle, Cavendish often employs metaphors to describe her writing in terms of stereotypically feminine tasks or interests, such as spinning, fashion and motherhood.

In her epistle to Mistress Toppe, Cavendish states that her main reason for writing is her desire for fame.

This epistle is also the site of her explanation for writing in verse.

In her epistle to the poets, Cavendish notes that as women seldom write, her own act of writing may be ridiculed, as the strange and unusual seem fantastical, the fantastical seems odd, and the odd seems ridiculous.

An epistle (; Greek ἐπιστολή, epistolē, ' letter ') is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter.

Wente describes the " Satirical Letter " found on the Papyrus Anastasi I of the Nineteenth Dynasty as an epistle which was commonly copied as a writing exercise by Egyptian schoolchildren on ceramic ostraca ( over eighty examples of which have been found so far by archaeologists ).

His first attempt in writing octosyllabic couplets from the young John Milton was in an epistle to the Famous Painter about his mentor.

At the Feast of Weeks, however, Judas the brother of James, is at least listed among the group of believers ( Acts 1: 14 ) Jude, in his own epistle, claims that he is the same " brother of James " ( Jude 1 ) Paul would seem to provide the evidence that Jesus did, in fact, visit James after the resurrection ( 1 Corinthians 15: 7 ) but after Cephas and the twelve, then more than five hundred " brethren " who were still alive at the time of Paul's writing: " After that, he was seen of James ; then of all the apostles ".

At Cambridge, Whitehead published an epistle On the Danger of writing Verse and some other poems, notably an heroic epistle, Ann Boleyn to Henry the Eighth ( 1743 ), and a didactic Essay on Ridicule, also ( 1743 ).

Regardless of whether this epistle is seen as a 4th missionary journey not recorded in Acts or as being written at some other point of Paul ’ s life, its intent seems clear that Paul is writing to encourage Timothy on his own ministry.

Of the shorter poems, besides the greeting to Pippin on his return from the campaign against the Avars ( 796 ), an epistle to David ( Charlemagne ) incidentally reveals a delightful picture of the poet living with his children in a house surrounded by pleasant gardens near the emperor's palace.

Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word.

It would have been very strange indeed for Paul to have omitted the fact that the apostles and elders of the Jerusalem church had not laid circumcision as a requirement upon the Gentiles considering the topic of the epistle after it became a controversy in Galatia.

This may have been the Roman tradition — which Tertullian usually follows — and in Rome the epistle may have had its first readers.

He directed another epistle to Pope Boniface IV, in which he prays that, if it be not contrary to the Faith, he confirm the tradition of his elders, so that by the papal decision ( judicium ) he and his monks may be enabled to follow the rites of their ancestors.

" This epistle drew heavily on the established Patristic Constitutions and contained the most famous article of Alexandrian Orthodoxy: " The Twelve Anathemas of Saint Cyril.

The Apostle Paul wrote an entire epistle, Galatians, antagonistic to the teachings of a Jewish sect that claimed adherence to the teachings of both Jesus and Moses ( cf.

Dionysius Thrax in his Art of Grammar also refers to it as " for sending ( a letter )", from the verb epistéllō " send to ", a word from the same root as epistle.

" The epistle has been traditionally attributed to James the Just since AD 253.

The epistle may not be a true piece of correspondence between specific parties, but rather an example of wisdom literature formulated as a letter for circulation.

Many scholars consider the epistle to be written in the late 1st or early 2nd centuries, after the death of James the Just.

The epistle is addressed to Christians in general, and it warns them about the doctrine of certain errant teachers to whom they were exposed.

The epistle concludes with a doxology, which is considered to be one of the highest in quality contained in the Bible.

* The traditionalist view that the epistle is written by Paul is supported by scholars that include Ezra Abbot, Asting, Gaugler, Grant, Harnack, Haupt, Fenton John Anthony Hort, Klijn, Johann David Michaelis, A. Robert, and André Feuillet, Sanders, Schille, Brooke Foss Westcott, and Theodor Zahn.