Some belief systems, such as those in the Abrahamic tradition, hold that the dead go to a specific plane of existence after death, as determined by a god, gods, or other divine judgment, based on their actions or beliefs during life.

A natural moral order requires the existence of God as orthodoxly conceived, so god must exist.

While some recent scholars have questioned the existence of a large-scale Domitian persecution, others believe that Domitian's insistence on being treated as a god may have been a source of friction between the Church and Rome.

At the beginning of the second meditation, having reached what he considers to be the ultimate level of doubt — his argument from the existence of a deceiving god — Descartes examines his beliefs to see if any have survived the doubt.

Even if there were a deceiving god ( or an evil demon ), one's belief in their own existence would be secure, for there is no way one could be deceived unless one existed in order to be deceived.

Simply put, Descartes ' epistemological justification depended upon his indubitable belief in his own existence and his clear and distinct knowledge of god.

The exclusion of all but one god was a radical departure from Egyptian tradition and some see Akhenaten as a practitioner of monolatry rather than monotheism, as he did not actively deny the existence of other gods ; he simply refrained from worshipping any but the Aten.

Henotheism ( Greek heis theos " one god ") is the belief and worship of a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities that may also be worshipped.

The primary difference between the two is that henotheism is the worship of one god, not precluding the existence of others who may also be worthy of praise, while Monolatry is the worship of one god who alone is worthy of worship, though other gods are known to exist.

Monotheism ( from Greek, monos, " single ", and, theos, " god ") is the belief in the existence of one god or in the oneness of God.

Some writers such as Karen Armstrong believe that the concept of monotheism sees a gradual development out of notions of henotheism ( worshiping a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities ) and monolatrism ( the recognition of the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity ).

* Deism posits the existence of a single god, the Designer of the designs in Nature.

* Henotheism involves devotion to a single god while accepting the existence of other gods.

In other words, Nyaya says that the polytheist would have to give elaborate proofs for the existence and origin of his several celestial spirits, none of which would be logical, and that it is more logical to assume one eternal, omniscient god.

This new cosmic motion, he suggests, was seen by the founders of Mithraism as indicating the existence of a powerful new god capable of shifting the cosmic spheres and thereby controlling the universe.

Dr Philip Irving Mitchell of the Dallas Baptist University notes that some philosophers have cast the pursuit of theodicy as a modern one, as earlier scholars used the problem of evil to support the existence of one particular god over another, explain wisdom, or explain a conversion, rather than to justify God's goodness.

He wrote: " It is now generally admitted, at any rate by philosophers, that the existence of a being having the attributes which define the god of any non-animistic religion cannot be demonstratively proved ... ll utterances about the nature of God are nonsensical.

Some believe that the question of the existence of any god is most likely unascertainable or unknowable ( agnosticism ).

For less than a dozen miles from the unplowed land of the dead man lived another settler who had ignored the warnings that his existence might be foreclosed on -- a blatant and defiant rustler named Fred Powell.

For instance, in the 55 Cancri system the first planet – 55 Cancri b – was discovered in 1996 ; two additional farther planets were simultaneously discovered in 2002 with the nearest to the star being named 55 Cancri c and the other 55 Cancri d ; a fourth planet was claimed ( its existence was later disputed ) in 2004 and named 55 Cancri e despite lying closer to the star than 55 Cancri b ; and the most recently discovered planet, in 2007, was named 55 Cancri f despite lying between 55 Cancri c and 55 Cancri d. As of April 2012 the highest letter in use is " j ", for the unconfirmed planet HD 10180 j ( HD 10180 h is the confirmed planet with the highest letter ).

Furthermore, various institutions, monuments and the like, are named for current or previous heads of state, such as streets and squares, schools, charitable and other organizations ; in monarchies ( e. g. Belgium ) there can even be a practice to attribute the adjective " royal " on demand based on existence for a given number of years.

Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores, as a new and unknown element.

There is in existence an ancient Vita, Life of the saint by a monk named Daniel of Raithu monastery.

The 2012 Season marks the third time the Major League Baseball All-Star Game has been played in Kansas City, with Kauffman Stadium ( then named Royals Stadium ) last hosting the event in 1973, the stadium's first year of existence.

The evidence points to the historical existence of a woman named Lucretia and a historical incident that played a critical part in the real downfall of a real monarchy.

Numerous originally Methodist institutions of higher education were founded in the United States in the early half of the 19th century, and today altogether there are about twenty universities and colleges named as " Methodist " or " Wesleyan " still in existence.

Mindaugas had at least two wives, Morta and Morta's sister, whose name is unknown, and possibly an earlier wife ; her existence is presumed because two children – a son named Vaišvilkas and an unnamed daughter married to Svarn in 1255 – were already leading independent lives when Morta's children were still young.

The discovery of artifacts associated with Aga and Enmebaragesi of Kish, two other kings named in the stories, has lent credibility to the historical existence of Gilgamesh.

The inner Oort cloud is also known as the Hills cloud, named after J. G. Hills, who proposed its existence in 1981.

In 1911, Indian astronomer Venkatesh P. Ketakar suggested the existence of two trans-Neptunian planets, which he named Brahma and Vishnu, by reworking the patterns observed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the planetary satellites of Jupiter and applying them to the outer planets.

Bertrand Russell is credited with noticing the existence of such paradoxes even in the best symbolic formalizations of mathematics in his day, in particular the paradox that came to be named after him, Russell's paradox.

The very existence of Tierra del Fuego as one or more islands and not as part of Terra Australis was first inferred by Francisco de Hoces in 1525, then by Francis Drake in 1578 and in 1616 by a Dutch VOC expedition who named Cape Horn.

A younger sister named Dawn ( Michelle Trachtenberg ) mysteriously appears in Buffy's household, her existence having been seamlessly integrated with memories of the other characters.

Another daughter, Matilda, is found only in the Hayles Abbey chronicle, alongside such other fictitious children as a son named William for King John, and an illegitimate son named John for King Edward I. Matilda's existence is doubtful, at best.

Sir Jacob died in 1764, and as the other named heirs had also died, the college should have come into existence then, but Sir Jacob's widow, Margaret, refused to give up the estates and the various relatives who were Sir George's legal heirs had to take costly and prolonged action in the Court of Chancery to compel her to do so.

The glacial Lake Lapworth, was named for him by Leonard Johnston Wills in recognition of his original suggestion of its existence in 1898.

Clinton County officially came into existence on March 1, 1830, and was named in honor of DeWitt Clinton, the seventh Governor of New York State and architect of the Erie Canal.

Brown's parents subsequently viewed the content of the site and contacted the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, and an investigator named Michael Guerra was subsequently notified of the site's existence.

The truth of kingdom's existence eventually came to light with an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named Sanxingdui 三星堆 in Guanghan County, Sichuan.

He and Lionel lived a Robinson Crusoe-like existence, attended by a black servant named Edward.

( That corpus of law was a reflection of the power system in existence during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

My argument is that there was no Saxon Shore prior to that time even though the forts had been in existence since the time of Carausius.

The impression was unmistakable that, whatever one may choose to call it, natural law is a functioning generality with a certain objective existence.

At least one state vehicle was in existence in 1917.

Nakamura ( '58 ) was unable to demonstrate their existence, either by anatomic or physiologic methods, in dogs.

By 1883 the `` Battenkill Telegraph Company '' was in existence and Alvin Pettibone was its president.

The prevalent opinion which we encountered in a variety of expressions in your country denied not only the existence of this conflict but it was elaborated even further with an incredible semantic dexterity.

His recent experience in motor car advertising, a love for cars of themselves, the existence of A-Z's useless Wisconsin set-up, exposure to exciting conceptions of Hamrick's that nobody would buy, and the coincidental recent failure of a respected but out-dated small-car manufacturer called Ticonderoga Motors had given him an idea of such dimensions he was almost afraid to broach it.

Lincoln successfully argued that the railroad company was not bound by its original charter in existence at the time of Barret's pledge ; the charter was amended in the public interest to provide a newer, superior, and less expensive route, and the corporation retained the right to demand Barret's payment.

The continued existence of TAI was questioned in a 2007 letter from the BIPM to the ITU-R which stated " In the case of a redefinition of UTC without leap seconds, the CCTF would consider discussing the possibility of suppressing TAI, as it would remain parallel to the continuous UTC.

Slavery was gradually phased out of existence in the North and was fading in the border states and urban areas, but expanded in highly profitable cotton states of the Deep South.

An author is broadly defined as " the person who originated or gave existence to anything " and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.

According to Maimonides, an afterlife continues for the soul of every human being, a soul now separated from the body in which it was " housed " during its earthly existence.

B. Rhine, who was critical in the early foundations of parapsychology as a laboratory science, was committed to finding scientific evidence for the spiritual existence of humans.

With de Broglie's suggestion of the existence of electron matter waves in 1924, and for a short time before the full 1926 Schrödinger equation treatment of hydrogen like atom, a Bohr electron " wavelength " could be seen to be a function of its momentum, and thus a Bohr orbiting electron was seen to orbit in a circle at a multiple of its half-wavelength ( this historically incorrect Bohr model is still occasionally taught to students ).

it was noted by Bohr that the existence of any sort of wave packet implies uncertainty in the wave frequency and wavelength, since a spread of frequencies is needed to create the packet itself.

This Ecumenical council declared that Jesus Christ was a distinct being of God in existence or reality ( hypostasis ), which the Latin fathers translated as persona.

Access Now v. Southwest Airlines was a case where the District Court decided that the website of Southwest Airlines was not in violation of the Americans with Disability Act because the ADA is concerned with things with a physical existence and thus cannot be applied to cyberspace.

The first known mention of the city of Akkad is in an inscription of Enshakushanna of Uruk, where he claims to have defeated Agade — indicating that it was in existence well before the days of Sargon of Akkad, whom the Sumerian King List claims to have built it.

This honor was intended, in part, to commemorate the diplomatic and trading history which existed long before other Western nations were officially aware of Japan's existence.