Maoists and other ' anti-revisionists ' viciously attack the changes after Mao Zedong's death, calling them the precise " capitalist road " Mao had pledged to fight during the early existence of the PRC.

The Indians did not learn of the existence of the road until 1957, which was confirmed when the road was shown in Chinese maps published in 1958.

The period between the 16th and the end of the 18th century was characterized by the existence of self-sufficient regional economies separated by considerable distances, a lack of road, maritime or river communications, and the hazards and hardship of land transport.

The road that was already in existence along this stretch, SH 9, would be utilized as a frontage road as many of the bridges along this stretch were from when SH 9 was built in the 1930s.

It is not clear whether the road figured in the early history of the town, or if it was long forgotten before Royalton came into existence.

As a formal entity the town is known to have been in existence as a town certainly as early as 1783 when the State Legislature authorized the payment for a road "... from the main road from Newmarket to Vienna to the grist-mill of Michael Hall Bonwill, and thence till it intersect the main road from Cambridge to Vienna.

He, by experience, relays how we can take the shorter road toward the Light by forgiving even our enemies and everybody who has done wrong to us ; and most of all, to forgive the fallen spirits and their leader, now named Ardor, who are responsible for an existence started in Darkness and all suffering on earth.

It is not a short cut but a road made shorter by forgiving ( a straight path instead of windy ), in effect shortening the time of retribution and this part of mankind's existence on earth.

Thomas Telford built his A5 road through the remaining part of the Abbey and now only part of the original abbey church is still in existence, which is still used today as a place of worship.

Conversely, the existence of a frontage road can increase traffic on the main road and be a catalyst for development ; hence there is sometimes an explicit decision made to not build a frontage road.

The existence of straight road alignments coinciding with early parish boundaries suggests another Roman road may have passed through Birmingham from east to west through Ladywood, Highgate and Sparkbrook, along the line of Ladywood Road, Belgrave Road and parts of Warwick Road.

Later priority was given on road access, and the Highlands Highway came into existence.

It was the existence of a connecting road between São Bernardo do Campo and Santo Amaro that provided ways for the early inhabitants to arrive to the neighborhoods in the early 18th century.

Of these 43, 427, only around 28 are thought to be still on the road, with around 60 in existence.

Hidden from the road by the power station, the mill's existence was largely forgotten by the general public until the power station was demolished in 1970.

This effectively guaranteed the continued existence of the canal channel, but structures such as locks and bridges deteriorated, and in the 1950s 46 of the 69 bridges over the canal were lowered as part of road improvement schemes.

Ordnance Survey maps carry a disclaimer indicating that, besides those routes which have been added on the basis of local highway authority records, ' the representation on this map of any other road, track or path is no evidence of the existence of a right of way '.

Both these types, and those in between, are in existence by reason of a legislative interest in libraries that began at Albany as early as 1950, with the creation by the legislature of county library systems financed by county governments with matching funds from the state.

Some belief systems, such as those in the Abrahamic tradition, hold that the dead go to a specific plane of existence after death, as determined by a god, gods, or other divine judgment, based on their actions or beliefs during life.

In contrast, in systems of reincarnation, such as those in the Dharmic tradition, the nature of the continued existence is determined directly by the actions of the individual in the ended life, rather than through the decision of another being.

Many religions, whether they believe in the soul's existence in another world like Christianity, Islam and many pagan belief systems, or in reincarnation like many forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that one's status in the afterlife is a reward or punishment for their conduct during life.

The second article, published in 1938, states that launching a swift strategic knockout has great attractions for Germany but appears to accept that such a knockout will be very difficult to achieve by land attack under modern conditions ( especially in view of the existence of systems of fortification like the Maginot Line ) unless an exceptionally high degree of surprise is achieved.

More specifically, it involves study of the different legal systems in existence in the world, including the common law, the civil law, socialist law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law.

In this sense, Euclidean geometry is more concrete than many modern axiomatic systems such as set theory, which often assert the existence of objects without saying how to construct them, or even assert the existence of objects that cannot be constructed within the theory.

If truly irreducible systems are found, the argument goes, then intelligent design must be the correct explanation for their existence.

OS / 2 and Windows-related books of the late 1980s acknowledged the existence of both systems and promoted OS / 2 as the system for the future.

This also brings us right back to the question of how one can " know " how to create the following into existence without requiring them itself ; consciousness, cognitive systems, sensory systems, information, or even existence itself.

Nevertheless, these belief systems may retain an idea of God's decision eternally determining the present or future, in the sense of God's decision being logically prior, or " transcendentally necessary " to all existence.

The existence of Bell correlations between quantum systems cannot be converted into classical information.

Ditheistic belief systems ( a kind of dualism ) explain the problem of evil from the existence of two rival great, but not omnipotent, deities that work in polar opposition to each other.

In most belief systems, Dao is used symbolically in its sense of ' way ' as the ' right ' or ' proper ' way of existence, or in the context of ongoing practices of attainment or of the full coming into being, or the state of enlightenment or spiritual perfection that is the outcome of such practices.

Despite the existence of vi clones with enhanced featuresets, sometime before June, 2000, Gunnar Ritter ported Joy's vi codebase ( taken from 2. 11BSD, February, 1992 ) to modern Unix-based operating systems, such as Linux and FreeBSD.

Although 3G ALE is more reliable and has significantly enhanced channel-time efficiency, the existence of a large installed base of 2G ALE radio systems and the wide availability of moderately priced ( often military surplus ) equipment, has made 2G the baseline standard for global interoperability.

DOs are used because applicable systems standards are not in existence.

The system lifecycle in systems engineering is an examination of a system or proposed system that addresses all phases of its existence to include system conception, design and development, production and / or construction, distribution, operation, maintenance and support, retirement, phase-out and disposal.

Considerations include: Continued existence of operational need, matching between operational requirements and system performance, feasibility of system phase-out versus maintenance, and availability of alternative systems.

There are several systems of romanizing ( transliterating ) written Belarusian text in existence ; see Romanization of Belarusian.

This permits the existence of directory hierarchies, i. e., directories containing sub-directories.

Sikhi devotees must meditate to progress towards enlightenment, as its rigorous application permits the existence of communication between God and human beings.

A defence attempts to demonstrate that the occurrence of evil does not contradict God's existence, but it does not propose that rational beings are able to understand why God permits evil.

The War Scroll and the Thanksgiving hymns both delve into the idea that Belial is accursed by God and his people, and shows how the existence of Belial in this world can be attributed to the mysteries of God since we can not know why he permits the dealings of Belial to persist.

Retrocognition has long been held by scientific researchers into psychic phenomena to be untestable, given that, in order to verify that an accurate retrocognitive experience has occurred, it is necessary to consult existing documents and human knowledge, the existence of which permits some contemporary basis of the knowledge to be raised.

This however is paradoxical, based on the fact that physicalism both permits and prevents the existence of such beings.

The " Sidebar " program at Skadden has been in existence for a number of years and permits attorneys to take up to two years off to pursue personal interests.

The existence of isozymes permits the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage ( for example lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH )).

Although this access point is not sufficient to service the crowds of boaters who descend upon the Gauley every year, its existence now permits the NPS to pursue other options for providing much needed public access.