These models had to agree with the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse but never longitudinal.

However, the difference from the electromagnetic aether of Maxwell and Lorentz lies in the fact, that " because it was no longer possible to speak, in any absolute sense, of simultaneous states at different locations in the aether, the aether became, as it were, four dimensional, since there was no objective way of ordering its states by time alone .".

Progress in electromagnetic theory in the 19th century led to the discovery that light waves were in fact electromagnetic radiation.

At around the same time, the atomic theory and the corpuscular theory of light ( as updated by Einstein ) first came to be widely accepted as scientific fact ; these latter theories can be viewed as quantum theories of matter and electromagnetic radiation, respectively.

He completed Maxwell's set of equations in his later 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field and demonstrated the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave.

While dark matter is estimated to comprise 83 % of the mass of matter in the universe, most of its properties remain a mystery due to the fact that it neither absorbs nor emits electromagnetic radiation, and there are many competing theories regarding what dark matter is actually made of.

The fact that an electromagnetic pulse is produced by a nuclear explosion was known since the earliest days of nuclear weapons testing.

In fact, since the electromagnetic signals travel at the speed of light, and since every path has a geometrical length possibly different from that of the other ones, there are different air travelling times ( consider that, in free space, the light takes 3 μs to cross a 1 km span ).

Moreover, as the energy scale increases, the strength of the electromagnetic interaction approaches that of the other two fundamental interactions, a fact important for grand unification theories.

In fact, symmetric Maxwell's equations can be written when all charges ( and hence electric currents ) are zero, and this is how the electromagnetic wave equation is derived.

While color derives from the electromagnetic scale that corresponds to the magnitudes of energy expressed by musical pitch, in fact, the neurological occidentals by which we experience color make it seem multidimensional, while musical pitch ( not timbre, volume, or duration ) is experienced as a linear relationship ... Stanczak's ' gift is for layering.

The term " ultraviolet catastrophe " was first used in 1911 by Paul Ehrenfest, although the concept goes back to 1900 with the first derivation of the dependence of the Rayleigh – Jeans law ; the word " ultraviolet " refers to the fact that the problem appears in the short wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

They developed two methods during the wartime project, which both took advantage of the fact that uranium-238 has a slightly greater atomic mass than uranium-235: electromagnetic separation and gaseous diffusion — methods that separated isotopes based on their differing weights.

The principle is most often used in optics but it is also true for other forms of electromagnetic radiation and is, in fact, a general theorem of diffraction and holds true for all waves.

Although both FitzGerald and Lorentz alluded to the fact that electrostatic fields in motion were deformed (" Heaviside-Ellipsoid " after Oliver Heaviside, who derived this deformation from electromagnetic theory in 1888 ), it was considered an Ad hoc hypothesis, because at this time there was no sufficient reason to assume that intermolecular forces behave the same way as electromagnetic ones.

( This fact is due to a property of the electromagnetic fields known as scale invariance – in essence, the electromagnetic fields, as the solutions to Maxwell's equations, has no natural length scale, and so solutions for centimetre scale structure at microwave frequencies are the same as for nanometre scale structures at optical frequencies.

This derives from that the fact that the light from the synchrotron is both ' hard ' ( referring to the " hard " X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum ) and bright, and hence the current name " Diamond " was born ).

This is explained by the fact that longer electromagnetic wavelengths ( such as red and orange ) do not penetrate into the whalefish's realm: animals which have evolved at this depth cannot see longer wavelengths, rendering the whalefish effectively black.

This relationship immediately highlights the fact that whether a static electromagnetic field is seen as purely magnetic, or purely electric, or some combination of these, is dependent upon one's reference frame ( that is: one's velocity relative to the field ).

Not so well known is the fact that in 1908 Walter Ritz produced a lengthy criticism of Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetic theory, in which he contended that the theory's connection with the luminescent ether ( see Lorentz ether theory ) made it " essentially inappropriate to express the comprehensive laws for the propagation of electrodynamic actions.

: I have the greatest consideration for the goals which are pursued by the physicists of the latest generation which go under the name of quantum mechanics, and I believe that this theory represents a profound level of truth, but I also believe that the restriction to laws of a statistical nature will turn out to be transitory .... Without doubt quantum mechanics has grasped an important fragment of the truth and will be a paragon for all future fundamental theories, for the fact that it must be deducible as a limiting case from such foundations, just as electrostatics is deducible from Maxwell's equations of the electromagnetic field or as thermodynamics is deducible from statistical mechanics.

In fact, any increase or decrease in radiation intensity that is observed to the same extent at all pixels chosen for correction is eliminated by the correction algorithm.

They come in various forms, such as the one pictured, and are often used in science museums to illustrate " radiation pressure " – a scientific principle that they do not in fact demonstrate.

A stasis field may be recognized by its perfectly reflecting surface, so perfect in fact that it reflects 100 % of all radiation and particles, including neutrinos.

The term ultraviolet refers to the fact that the radiation is at higher frequency than violet light ( and, hence also invisible to the human eye ).

The article focused on the fact that it was the first weapon specifically intended to kill humans with radiation.

Latitudinal circulation is the consequence of the fact that incident solar radiation per unit area is highest at the heat equator, and decreases as the latitude increases, reaching its minimum at the poles.

The Yarkovsky effect is a consequence of the fact that change in the temperature of an object warmed by radiation ( and therefore the intensity of thermal radiation from the object ) lags behind changes in the incoming radiation.

This refers to the fact that the radiation in this case is created by charged particles that are free both before and after the deflection ( acceleration ) that causes the emission.

While the amount of radiation dispersed from the event will likely be minimal, the fact of any radiation may be enough to cause panic and disruption.

That the temperature increase was highest at infrared wavelengths was due to the spectral index of the prism rather than properties of the Sun, but the fact that there was any temperature increase at all prompted Herschel to deduce that there was invisible radiation from the Sun.

( see Morphogenetic field ) However, the failure to replicate his findings and the fact that, though cell growth can be stimulated and directed by radiation this is possible only at much higher amplitudes, evoked a general skepticism about Gurwitsch's work.

They rely on the fact that Planck's law, which relates temperature to the intensity of radiation emitted at individual wavelengths, can be solved for temperature if Planck ’ s statement of the intensities at two different wavelengths is divided.

The specialty of processing food by ionizing radiation is the fact, that the energy density per atomic transition is very high, it can cleave molecules and induce ionization ( hence the name ) which cannot be achieved by mere heating.

In fact, readings from instruments at the plant and off-site detectors had detected radiation releases, albeit at levels that were unlikely to threaten public health as long as they were temporary, and providing that containment of the then highly contaminated reactor was maintained.

Stephen Hawking said that the fact that microwave radiation had been found, and that it was thought to be left over from the Big Bang, was " the final nail in the coffin of the steady-state theory.

A black hole of one solar mass has a temperature of only 60 nanokelvins ; in fact, such a black hole would absorb far more cosmic microwave background radiation than it emits.

In fact the remaining envelope's opacity is so high that even millimeter-wave radiation has trouble escaping from inside it.

Of particular interest is the fact that 1750A systems often offer very high levels of radiation and other hazardous environment protection, making them particularly suited for military, aviation and space applications.

Solar sails rely on the fact that light reflected from a surface exerts pressure on the surface.

Thus, while Gandalf exerts a parental influence over Bilbo early on, it is Bilbo who gradually takes over leadership of the party, a fact the dwarves could not bear to acknowledge.

In fact, each of the six extraocular muscles exerts rotational forces in all three planes ( elevation-depression, adduction-abduction, intorsion-extorsion ) to varying degrees, depending on which way the eye is looking.

According to Schopenhauer, the deep truth of the matter is that in cases of the over-affirmation of the will – that is, cases where one individual exerts his will not only for its own fulfillment but for the improper domination of others – he is unaware that he is really identical with the person he is harming, so that the Will in fact constantly harms itself, and justice is done in the moment in which the crime is committed, since the same metaphysical individual is both the perpetrator and the victim.

What looks like adversity is in fact a means by which the man exerts his virtues.