The older the constitution, the more constitutional leeway tends to exist for a head of state to exercise greater powers over government, as many older parliamentary system constitutions in fact give heads of state powers and functions akin to presidential or semi-presidential systems, in some cases without containing reference to modern democratic principles of accountability to parliament or even to modern governmental offices.

Another complication exists with South Africa, in which the President is in fact elected by the National Assembly ( legislature ) and is thus similar, in principle, to a head of government in a parliamentary system but also, in addition, is recognized as the nation's head of state.

The reason for this apparent contradiction lies in the fact that those ' to the left ' of the parliamentary left, outside of official parliamentary structures ( such as the sans-culottes of the French Revolution ), typically represent much of the working class, poor peasantry, and the unemployed.

In fact, the Fathers of the Constitution made careful use of the expressions " it is incumbent upon of the King ", deliberately omitting other expressions such as " powers ", " faculties " or " competences ", thus eliminating any notion of monarchical prerogatives within the parliamentary monarchy.

However, Scotland has a tradition of popular sovereignty as opposed to parliamentary sovereignty and the fact that the Scottish parliament was established following a referendum would make it politically difficult to significantly alter its powers without popular consent.

Even the fact that certain politicians might “ provide their face " to the actual decisions of their inferiors might not mitigate this effect, but rather strong parliamentary rights of control and influence in legislative procedures ( as they do exist in the example of Germany ).

Although the large parliamentary majority seemed to restore Lynch as an electoral asset, the fact that the party was returned with an enormous vote allowed Lynch to be undermined by many new TDs who were not loyal to Lynch and wanted him removed.

His popularity had declined, and the fact that his proposals for parliamentary reform and Catholic emancipation had become the watchwords of the United Irishmen had brought him the bitter hostility of the governing classes.

This ultimatum was based on the fact that Jagland had assumed the Prime Minister post based on the votes collected by Brundtland in the 1993 election, which provided an unclear parliamentary basis for governing.

Having witnessed the events of Bloody Sunday, Devlin was infuriated that she was later consistently denied the floor in Parliament, despite the fact that parliamentary convention decreed that any MP witnessing an incident under discussion would be granted an opportunity to speak about it therein.

She also underlined the fact that Yle is not under government control, but under direct parliamentary supervision.

The president can choose whomever he wants — this is in contrast with parliamentary systems in which the head of state has to appoint the leader of the largest party in the legislature — and in fact, only a handful of prime ministers were the leader of their own party upon taking office.

In response, opponents of the bill including Martin Lee have argued that a potentially repressive bill is more acceptable in a system of parliamentary democracy and that under British rule, the potential impact of security laws was minimized by the fact that political leaders would suffer political damage if they attempted to enforce these laws.

Ernst & Young was hired, to advise the Central Bank of Ireland on the € 440 billion bank guarantee scheme in January 2009, despite the fact that Ernst & Young was being investigated arising from its audits of Anglo Irish Bank and had also refused to appear before a parliamentary committee following the collapse of the same bank after receiving " legal advice ".

In fact, a special parliamentary delegation consisting of six members of the Sejm held a vote on whether to accept the Soviets ' far-reaching concessions, which would leave Minsk on the Polish side of the border.

Some controversy arose in mid-2005, when recently after he arrived in London, Hunt was told publicly by the New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark that he could not apply for the U. K pension as it was not appropriate given his position of New Zealand High Commissioner and the fact that he was already collecting a New Zealand parliamentary pension.

He was unaware there were Basque parliamentary buildings in the city, a fact which he did not know until he toured the city on 30 April, after Franco's Nationalists captured it.

Among these were APDA's increasing popularity with debaters accustomed to high school on-topic ( NFL or CEDA ) formats, a notable incidence of poorly-written resolutions that were hard to debate even when squirreled, and the fact that at many schools, the supply of judges willing to sit through training sessions on the fine points of parliamentary style was not sufficient for increasingly larger tournaments.

Thus Icelandic nationalist sentiment, having some aspects of civic nationalism, is highly respectful of democratic parliamentary powers ( see resurrected Althing ) and skeptical of foreign control over Iceland, which is partly responsible for the fact there is little will in Iceland for joining the EU.

This led to the creation by Winston Churchill of the oft-repeated legend that Joynson-Hicks had committed the party to giving votes to young women with a parliamentary pledge to Lady Astor in 1925-a claim that has entered popular mythology but has no basis in fact.

It turned out that she had in fact been accompanied by her housekeeper, and that catering for such receptions is the responsibility of the parliamentary caterers.

Unlike France or England, the kingdom was not developing into a centralized parliamentary government – in fact it developed the opposite way, with the king losing more and more power to the barons.

In fact, well over 120 political parties presented themselves at the 1992 parliamentary elections, but the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Party of Labour ( MPLA ), which had been in power since independence, won the absolute majority.

In a 1982 judgment delivered under such a referral, Chief Justice Tom O ' Higgins bemoaned the crude strictures of the prescribed process ; especially the fact that, if the court finds that a bill does not violate the Constitution, this judgment can never subsequently be challenged.

Jack finally agrees to pay for Ernest, everyone thinking that it is Algernon's bill when in fact it is his own.

Senate GOP leader Trent Lott decided to pull a bill to abolish " the marriage penalty ," " which in the tax code reflects the fact that married couples who both work for wages frequently pay more in taxes then if they earned the same amount of income but weren't married.

In response, a coalition of 96 scientific and educational organizations wrote a letter to the conference committee, urging that the amendment be stricken from the final bill, arguing that evolution is, in the scientific fields, regarded as fact and that the amendment creates the mis-perception that evolution is not fully accepted in the scientific community, and thus weakens science curricula.

His promise of modest reform was held to, and the second most famous bill of this ministry, while " reforming " in 21st century eyes, was in fact aimed at the reformers themselves, with their constituency among the new industrial rich.

Historian and cartographer John P. Snyder has erroneously stated that a referendum was held on that date, but there was in fact no referendum and the people of Amwell knew nothing about the division until after the Legislature passed the bill.

During the autumn of 1992 Lamont became a press target in a string of largely fabricated stories: that he had not paid his hotel bill for " champagne and large breakfasts " from the Conservative Party Conference ( in fact his bill had been forwarded on for settlement ); that he was in arrears on his personal Visa credit card bill ( true ); that in June 1991 he had used taxpayers ' money to handle the fall-out from press stories concerning sex therapist Lindi St Clair ( Miss Whiplash ), who was using a flat he owned ( the Treasury contributed £ 4, 700 of the £ 23, 000 bill which had been formally approved by the Head of the Civil Service and the Prime Minister ; there was never any suggestion that he had ever met her ); and that he had called at a newsagent in a seedy area of Paddington late at night to purchase champagne and cheap " Raffles " cigarettes.

In fact, the bill was called for by the glaring anomalies in the distribution of seats by which a minority of voters in the country districts returned a majority of members, and it left the towns still inadequately represented.

This fact was reflected in the rejection of Mosaddegh's bill for electoral reform ( which no longer disqualified illiterates from electoral participation ) by the conservative bloc, on the grounds that it would " unjustly discriminate patriots who had been voting for the last forty years ".

However, although not provided for in the Constitution, according to constitutional custom, the Parliamentary Budgetary Committee has the power to authorise provisional expenditure, regardless of the fact that such expenditure is not formally included in the budget ( such grants are however then marked for adoption in the next forthcoming money bill ).

Like the Chihuahuan Raven it is one of the smaller species ( 47 cm in length ), in fact it is about the same size as a Carrion Crow but with a much thicker bill, shorter tail and much larger wings.

" By " absolute veto " Fisher was referring to the fact that a bill that has been pocket vetoed cannot be overridden.

This plan was dropped when Cardinal Wolsey discovered the plan, though the pope did, in fact, issue a bill to the same effect that December.

Like the paper bill, the copper coins issued by the Central Mint also had the Chinese Soviet Republic ( 中華蘇維埃共和國 ) in the traditional Chinese character engraved, and due to the fact that the coin lasts longer than the paper bill, these coins were issued and circulated in much greater numbers.

In March 2012, the Israeli Knesset passed a bill sponsored by Kadima MK Rachel Adato and Likud MK Danny Danon requiring advertisements which have been retouched to alter the body shape of models to fully disclose the fact.

Te Rauparaha showed the receipt to another trader who told him he had been defrauded, that the receipt was in fact a bill of sale for the whole of the Wairau Plain.

Schank & Abelson raises the example of going to a restaurant, where the preconditions include the ability to afford the bill and get to the correct venue, in addition to the fact that the restaurant must be open for business.

Then, despite the fact that many legislators expected the bill to be vetoed, Dow met with the new Governor, John Hubbard, who signed the bill into law on June 2.