The JTB account is then criticized for trying to get and encapsulate the factivity of knowledge " on the cheap ," as it were, or via a circular argument, by replacing an irreducible notion of factivity with the conjunction of some of the properties that accompany it ( in particular, truth and justification ).

The essay's central thesis is Raymond's proposition that " given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow " ( which he terms Linus ' Law ): the more widely available the source code is for public testing, scrutiny, and experimentation, the more rapidly all forms of bugs will be discovered.

" He held that corollarial deduction matches Aristotle's conception of direct demonstration, which Aristotle regarded as the only thoroughly satisfactory demonstration, while theorematic deduction ( A ) is the kind more prized by mathematicians, ( B ) is peculiar to mathematics, and ( C ) involves in its course the introduction of a lemma or at least a definition uncontemplated in the thesis ( the proposition that is to be proved ); in remarkable cases that definition is of an abstraction that " ought to be supported by a proper postulate.

The term " thesis " comes from the Greek, meaning " study ", and refers to an intellectual proposition.

* The thesis is an intellectual proposition.

* The antithesis is simply the negation of the thesis, a reaction to the proposition.

* The synthesis solves the conflict between the thesis and antithesis by reconciling their common truths, and forming a new proposition.

Occasioned by the French law of 1905 providing for the separation of church and state, it denounced the proposition that the state should be separated from the Church as " a thesis absolutely false, a most pernicious error ".

As the title suggests, Manchester's central thesis is that MacArthur was an analogue of Julius Caesar, a proposition he supports by noting their great intellect, brilliant strategic generalship, political ambition, magnanimity as conquerors, and shared tragic flaw of hubris.

# The semantic thesis: The primary semantic role of moral predicates ( such as " right " and " wrong ") is to refer to moral properties ( such as rightness and wrongness ), so that moral statements ( such as " honesty is good " and " slavery is unjust ") purport to represent moral facts, and express propositions that are true or false ( or approximately true, largely false, and so on ).

Seeing the Soviet Union as having entered a period of stagnation, both economic and political, Brzezinski correctly predicted the future breakup of the Soviet Union along lines of nationality ( expanding on his master's thesis ).

Carlton describes him in his thesis as having the boisterous troublemaking slapstick qualities of his " Red Nose " comic archetype.

Carlton describes him in his thesis as having the grave deadpan and somewhat cruel qualities of the " White Face " comic archetype.

Though his thesis was on the subject of gynecology and obstetrics, Munthe was deeply impressed by the pioneering work in neurology done by Professor Jean-Martin Charcot, having attended his lectures at the Salpêtrière hospital.

Some schools have an intermediate category, passing at the master's level, which allows the student to leave with a master's without having completed a master's thesis.

In 1875, after having finished his thesis, he worked for three years at the Leiden Observatory, before becoming the first Professor of Astronomy and Theoretical Mechanics at the University of Groningen, where he remained until his retirement in 1921.

The first of these is his proclivity to treat all myths as having independent value ; the second is the tendency to treat only such material as is consistent with his thesis ; and the third is his very unsystematic method.

In the 1970s, Illich was popular among leftist intellectuals in France, his thesis having been discussed in particular by André Gorz.

So influential was this practice that it was imported to the United States, where in 1861 Yale University started granting the Ph. D. degree to younger students who, after having obtained the bachelor's degree, had completed a prescribed course of graduate study and successfully defended a thesis / dissertation containing original research in science or in the humanities.

In the spring of 1968 he received his PhD, having presented a thesis on the poetics of the Black Mountain poets.

Critics of the KPD accused it of having pursued a sectarian policy – e. g. the Social Democratic Party criticized the KPD's thesis of Social Fascism ( which addressed the SPD as the Communist's main enemy ).

Because of the nature of the graduate thesis or dissertation having to be more narrow and more novel, the result of original research, these usually have a smaller proportion of the work that is cited from other sources, though the fact that they are lengthier may mean they still have more total citations.

This thesis firmly established in algebraic topology the use of spectral sequences, and clearly separated the notions of fiber bundles and fibrations from the notion of sheaf ( both concepts together having been implicit in the pioneer treatment of Jean Leray ).

He received his PhD in 1954 from Nuclear Physics at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very low radiation due to disintegration of nuclei ( Charpak & Suzor ).< ref > STUDY OF THE PERIOD OF THE 57 KEV LEVEL ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISINTEGRATION OF MTh4 < sub > 24 </ sub >-Suzor, F .; Charpak, G. 1954 Oct 01-Journal de Physique et le Radium ( France ) Changed to J. Phys.

Some schools have an intermediate category, passing at the master's level, which allows the student to leave with a master's without having completed a master's thesis.

The first line is kept " free " and unrhymed, allowing Hernández to present a " thesis " to the stanza without having to worry about the last word being part of the rhyme scheme.

After only two years, Leloir received recognition from the medical department at UBA for having produced the best doctoral thesis.

The thesis of Hitler ’ s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust proposes that, during the Holocaust, many killers were ordinary Germans, who killed for having been raised in a profoundly antisemitic culture, and thus were acculturated — " ready and willing " — to execute the Nazi government ’ s genocidal plans.

He graduated with a PhD from the University of Liverpool in 2007 having completed a thesis on the MacBride Principles at the Institute of Irish Studies, where he gave the 2008 John Kennedy Lecture in Irish Studies, Perhaps It will all go away – An examination of the British Response to the Civil Rights movement in Northern Ireland.

and Ph. D. degrees in economics in 1966, having completed a thesis on monetary policy.

The book's thesis is that throughout recent history, specifically beginning with the failure of the second Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683, the Islamic world has failed to modernize or to keep pace with the Western world in a variety of respects, and that this failure has been seen by many within the Islamic world as having allowed Western powers to acquire a disastrous position of dominance over those regions.

The " Historians ' Committee for Fairness ", a group of professors, condemned the book for not having undergone peer review and argued that its central thesis is false.

In 1896, he enrolled into the Kazan Theological Academy, from which he graduated in 1900, having authored a thesis, “ the Struggle of Christianity against Islam in Georgia .” Tonsured a Hieromonk in 1901, he returned in Georgia where he was made an archimandrite at the Chelishi Monastery in the province of Racha.

To support his thesis, Rifkin notes that in addition to the EU having more people and a greater Gross Domestic Product than the U. S., the potential of the EU as an economic superpower is shown by having: 14 / 20 of the top banks in the world, 61 of the 140 of the top companies of the world as measure by the Global Fortune 500 ( the U. S. has 50 ), a homicide rate that is 1 / 4 than in the U. S., the 18 most developed countries in Europe all have more broadly distributed wealth than the U. S. ( the U. S. ranks 24th in the world ), higher lifespan than the U. S., higher literacy rates than the U. S., and higher quality of life than the U. S. Also, Europeans provide 47 % of all the humanitarian aid in the world, and are seen by Rifkin as being more effective in global economic market regulation, evidenced by the fact that the EU stopped the merger of General Electric and Honeywell, fined Microsoft for anti-trust, and blocked genetically modified food despite U. S. opposition.

While most pre-Columbian historians believe that there was ritual cannibalism related to human sacrifices, they do not support Harris's thesis that human flesh was ever a significant portion of the Aztec diet.

The first is his dialectical thesis: " War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.

" But Maloy adds that " The totalitarian thesis in Rousseau studies has, by now, been discredited as an attribution of real historical influence .” Arthur Melzer, however, while conceding that Rousseau would not have approved of modern nationalism, observes that his theories do contain the " seeds of nationalism ", insofar as they set forth the " politics of identification ", which are rooted in sympathetic emotion.

However, materialists have historically held that everything is made of matter, but physics has shown that gravity, for example, is not made of matter in the traditional sense of "' an inert, senseless substance, in which extension, figure, and motion do actually subsist '… So it is tempting to use ' physicalism ' to distance oneself from what seems a historically important but no longer scientifically relevant thesis of materialism, and related to this, to emphasize a connection to physics and the physical sciences.

Murray's Witch Cult in Western Europe 1921, written during a period she was unable to do field work in Egypt, laid out the essential elements of her thesis that a common pattern of underground pagan resistance to the Christian Church existed across Europe.

Even though most mathematicians do not accept the constructivist's thesis, that only mathematics done based on constructive methods is sound, constructive methods are increasingly of interest on non-ideological grounds.

Normative moral relativists believe not only the meta-ethical thesis, but that it has normative implications on what we ought to do.

However, many US master's degree programs do not require a master's thesis, focusing instead primarily on course work or on " practicals " or " workshops ".

Brouwer then " embarked on a self-righteous campaign to reconstruct mathematical practice from the ground up so as to satisfy his philosophical convictions "; indeed his thesis advisor refused to accept his Chapter II " ' as it stands, ... all interwoven with some kind of pessimism and mystical attitude to life which is not mathematics, nor has anything to do with the foundations of mathematics ' " ( Davis, p. 94 quoting van Stigt, p. 41 ).

Those who adhere to the so-called Quinean double standard ( namely that ontologically there is nothing intentional, but that the language of intentionality is indispensable ), accept Quine's thesis of the indeterminacy of radical translation and its implications, while the other positions so far mentioned do not.

In 2010, Patriot responded to Wikileaks ' claim to have revealed Hovind's dissertation, writing that the Wikileaks file was not the " finished " product, but because they do not " retain ownership to student thesis ’ or dissertations, as is commonly practiced by many schools ", they " cannot release student work to the public ".

** Peter Thonemann develops a detailed plan for a pinch device, but is told to do other work for his thesis.

When he revised the book in 1875, his modifications were very slight, and it is conceivable that, had he recast it, as he often expressed the desire to do in the last years of his life, he would not have abandoned any part of his fundamental thesis.

Unlike a dissertation or master's thesis, they are not as long, they do not require a novel contribution to knowledge, or even a very narrow focus on a set subtopic.

Some faculties require candidates to defend their thesis, but many do not.

Those that do not often have a requirement of taking two additional courses, minimum, in lieu of preparing a thesis.

However, many US master's degree programs do not require a master's thesis, focusing instead primarily on course work or on " practicals " or " workshops ".

A professor teaches two undergraduate courses, supervises two undergraduate projects and supervises four researchers by thesis only ( i. e. researchers do not take any courses ).

Elstein wrote in his view that the chapter on Kenya left Goldhagen open "... to the charge that he is the kind of scholar who is either unaware of the facts or prefers to exclude those which do not fit his thesis.

Some Rousseau scholars, however, such as his Rousseau's biographer and editor Maurice Cranston, and Ralph Leigh, editor of Rousseau's correspondence, do not consider Talmon's 1950s " totalitarian thesis " as sustainable.

Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems which are " efficiently solvable " or " tractable "; in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb.

Lewis and Gregory state that Catch-22 supports a thesis that goes beyond Goode's, namely that the inept can identify their own ineptitude, and become active participants in its own institutionalization ; whereas Goode asserts that the inept only ever have a passive rôle and can do little but accept their lot in life.

One thesis is that children should only remain resident with one parent if it is considered safe to do so ; otherwise it is generally better to have both parents involved in bringing up their children.

Further, Glantz argues, Suvorov's thesis is strongly contradicted both by ex-Soviet and German archival material, and the facts do not support the argument that the Red Army was prepared to invade Germany.

David Brandenberger notes that recently published pre-1941 German analysis of Soviet military readiness also do not support the major Icebreaker's thesis demonstrating that Soviet preparations were assessed to be " defensive " by German intelligence.