As the index of refraction of photosensitive surfaces of the SbCs-type lies around 2, the Fresnel losses at the fiber-photocathode interface are about 0.5 percent and the Af factor for the interstage coupler is 0.95.

The absolute magnitude uses the same convention as the visual magnitude: a factor of 10 < sup > 0. 4 </ sup > (≈ 2. 512 ) ratio of brightness corresponds to a difference of 1. 0 in magnitude.

* If the balance factor of P is 2, then the left subtree outweighs the right subtree of the given node, and the balance factor of the left child ( L ) must be checked.

In addition to the balancing described above for insertions, if the balance factor for the tree is 2 and that of the left subtree is 0, a right rotation must be performed on P. The mirror of this case is also necessary.

If the balance factor becomes − 2 or + 2 then the subtree is unbalanced and needs to be rotated to fix it.

This thin ( often 2 or 3 mm thick ) piece of wood, strengthened by different types of internal bracing, is considered the most prominent factor in determining the sound quality of a guitar.

A strong indication of the reliability of Chandrasekhar's formula is that the absolute magnitudes of supernovae of Type Ia are all approximately the same ; at maximum luminosity, M < sub > V </ sub > is approximately-19. 3, with a standard deviation of no more than 0. 3 .< sup >, ( 1 )</ sup > A 1-sigma interval therefore represents a factor of less than 2 in luminosity.

For example, when an ordinary RGB digital image is compressed via the JPEG standard, the RGB colorspace is first converted ( by a rotation matrix ) to a YCbCr colorspace, because the three components in that space have less correlation redundancy and because the chrominance components can then be subsampled by a factor of 2 or 4 to further compress the image.

A closely related involutary transformation ( by a factor of ( 1 + i ) /√ 2 ) is, since the factors in cancel the 2.

( Example: The natural numbers 2 and 6 have a common factor greater than 1, and 6 and 3 have a common factor greater than 1, but 2 and 3 do not have a common factor greater than 1 ).

The GCD of two numbers a and b is the product of the prime factors shared by the two numbers, where a same prime factor can be used multiple times, but only as long as the product of these factors divides both a and b. For example, since 1386 can be factored into 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 11, and 3213 can be factored into 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 17, the greatest common divisor of 1386 and 3213 equals 63 = 3 × 3 × 7, the product of their shared prime factors.

The factor of n < sub > 2 </ sub >/ n < sub > 1 </ sub > occurs from the ratio of intensities ( closely related to irradiance ).

On September 22, 2011, a paper from the OPERA Collaboration indicated detection of 17 and 28 GeV muon neutrinos, sent 730 kilometers ( 454 miles ) from CERN near Geneva, Switzerland to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, traveling faster than light by a factor of 2. 48 × 10 < sup >− 5 </ sup > ( approximately 1 in 40, 000 ), a statistic with 6. 0-sigma significance.

Reception for the uncut version was a factor in the eventual creation of the Adult Swim programing block, which premiered on September 2, 2001.

The conversion factor is 10 < sup > 8 </ sup >, since flux is the integral of field over an area, area having the units of the square of distance, thus 10 < sup > 4 </ sup > ( magnetic field conversion factor ) times the square of 10 < sup > 2 </ sup > ( linear distance conversion factor, i. e., centimetres per meter ).

The normalization factor multiplying the DFT and IDFT ( here 1 and 1 / N ) and the signs of the exponents are merely conventions, and differ in some treatments.

Note that pot odds do not matter in this situation, because the factor here is whether it is more profitable to raise or call, rather than to call or fold.

Likewise, when it is written that " the most probable explanation " of the name of Ludlow, Massachusetts " is that it was named after Roger Ludlow ", what is meant here is not that Roger Ludlow is favored by a random factor, but rather that this is the most plausible explanation of the evidence, which admits other, less likely explanations.

Another, more psychological factor that has played a part here is that a long-standing mutual distrust or antipathy felt between former East Berliners and West Berliners ( Ossis and Wessis according to the well-known slang terms ), is still very much in evidence in the city and elsewhere in Germany, and bold civil engineering projects and architectural statements are not going to make it go away by themselves.

The magnification here is typically negative ; in photography, the factor is sometimes written as 1 + m, where m represents the absolute value of the magnification ; in either case, the correction factor is 1 or greater.

With lumber the major factor in the economy, usually one mill, and often two, have operated here.

Examples of logarithmic units include common units of information and entropy, such as the bit and the byte 8 =, also the nat and the ban ; units of relative signal strength magnitude such as the decibel 0. 1 and bel, neper, and other logarithmic-scale units such as the Richter scale point or ( more generally ) the corresponding order-of-magnitude unit sometimes referred to as a factor of ten or decade ( here meaning, not 10 years ).

the logarithms of any given number a to two different bases ( here b and c ) differ only by the constant factor log < sub > c </ sub > b. This constant factor can be considered to represent the conversion factor for converting a numerical representation of the pure ( indefinite ) logarithmic quantity Log ( a ) from one arbitrary unit of measurement ( the unit ) to another ( the unit ), since

Considerable confusion exists in the literature of this area because: ( 1 ) many sources do not distinguish between A < sub > G </ sub > and A < sub > 0 </ sub >, but just use the symbol A ( and sometimes the name " Richardson constant ") indiscriminately ; ( 2 ) equations with and without the correction factor here denoted by λ < sub > R </ sub > are both given the same name ; and ( 3 ) a variety of names exist for these equations, including " Richardson equation ", " Dushman's equation ", " Richardson – Dushman equation " and " Richard – Laue – Dushman equation ".

These are considered here in the types of economies that are formed, their sources that are the contributing factor, network linkages, and the advantages and disadvantages that may or may not occur in the growth and formation of cities.

Within the more complete theory described here, the factor t < sub > F </ sub >< sup >− 2 </ sup > is a component part of the correction factor λ < sub > d </ sub >< sup > 2 </ sup > and note that λ < sub > d </ sub >< sup > 2 </ sup > is denoted by λ < sub > D </ sub > there.

Wind is the important factor here, not water.

Allowing the river to be crossed at any time of the year, the bridge was an important factor of development for the town, but it was also necessary and useful for the Pax Romana: here there were hot springs visited by a lot of people ; in the region there were mines with precious metals, whose product was taken to Rome ; across the bridge passed the important Roman road of Braga to Astorga, with a lot of traffic ; and lastly here was quartered a numerous detachment of legionnaires of the Roman army.

A normalizing factor is conventionally included in the phase space measure but has here been omitted.

The Thames has long been an important feature in Gravesend life and may well have been the deciding factor for the first settlement here.

If both died here that would leave only Feyd-Rautha's bastard daughter, still a baby, an unknown, an unmeasured factor, and Alia, the abomination.

by a factor of, than the definition used here.

A key factor here is that while modern humans have a marked adolescent growth spurt, chimpanzees do not.

Already firmly implanted internally, it is a growing factor in external matters.

Another growth factor is increased consumer demand for better quality and larger quantities of fabrics that go with a rising standard of living.

A contributing factor is the perspective, the uniform aesthetic distance which is maintained.

Actually, the engine displacement formula is the standard formula for computing the volume of a cylinder of any type with an added factor that represents the number of cylinders in the engine.

The quantity and quality of water sources is often a big factor in site selection.

Another factor that may hold hope is for parallel recognition is, as one man says it: `` that the fad for educating top people along managerial lines is yielding to the technically trained approach ''.

For outdoor signs and displays, where the problem of weathering resistance is no longer a factor, the choice of plastics is almost unlimited.

It is presumed that this negative head was associated with some geometric factor of the assembly, since different readings were obtained with the same fluid and the only apparent difference was the assembly and disassembly of the apparatus.

However, a major factor in binding dirt is the attraction between surfaces that goes under the name of Van der Waal's forces.

It is assumed that the flux values increase by a factor of 2.512 per magnitude, in accordance with the opinion that the total mass flux in each unit range in magnitude is constant.

Note also that if Af, then Af is divisible by the polynomial p, because Af contains each Af as a factor.

My aim in mentioning this factor obviously is not to give license to `` wild therapy '' but rather to encourage us to use the time-honored clinical casework skills we already possess, and to use them with greater confidence, precision, and professional pride.

However, the factor of physical isolation is not a static situation.

While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings of responsibility for his behavior.

The fact that such threat is potent in the beginning reading lessons is thought to be a vital factor in the continued pattern of failure or under-achievement these children exhibit.

The level of this average cost is determined by factor prices, technology, and so forth.

One social-class factor which plays a large part in educational policy today is the fact that a great many school and college teachers are upward mobile from urban lower-class and lower-middle-class families.

Furthermore, the hydrolysis of paraoxon was studied in mammalian sera, and it was found that it is hydrolyzed by albumin ( or a factor attached to it ) in addition to arylesterase.

The complex morphology of polycrystalline homopolymers is necessarily dependent on the same factor.