Into the 19th century, a system prevailed of dividing the land into prazos ( large agricultural estates ) which the natives cultivated for the benefit of the European leaseholders, who were also tax-collector for each district and claimed the tax either in labour or produce, a system that kept the sharecropping farmers in a state of serfdom.

The unpredictable Mesopotamian weather was often hard on farmers ; crops were often ruined so backup sources of food such as cows and lambs were also kept.

For example, a piece of land was divided into nine squares in the well-field system, with the grain from the middle square taken by the government and that of surrounding squares kept by individual farmers.

The funds appropriated were exhausted eventually and the losses of the farmers kept rising.

Though remote during this period, populated almost entirely by farmers, the rocky and craggy land that constituted much of the town kept the population low and new settlement at a minimum.

The roads were mostly dirt, and the repair and maintenance was often auctioned off to the lowest bidder, usually a farmer who had large properties and kept many men and horses, and the smaller farmers worked on the roads for them.

Some believe the treaty could be an example of responsible global governance for ensuring that plant genetic resources essential for present and future food security can be kept accessible to all farmers and in the public domain.

Another way to ensure that farmers and workers were kept under the thumb of the wealthy classes was to make sure that any debt incurred was passed down from generation to generation, thereby ensuring that it would never be paid off and the farmers would be kept in perpetual debt bondage.

Nearly all farmers kept livestock as well as growing crops on arable land for their own food and a small extra amount to trade with the towns people for goods they couldn't or didn't have time to make.

Nearly all farmers kept pigs, which could often scrounge most of their own food or eat milk left over from making cheese, scraps or slop, and were fattened on acorns in autumn before slaughter.

Cows were kept by most farmers for their hides, milk, meat and manure as well as being used as draft animals.

Even though the people around the nearby lake Mjøsa already kept livestock and grew crops, some time passed before the people in Våler settled as farmers.

As such, most of them were part trader, part explorer, part exploiter, part trapper, part teamster, and part settler, some of them farmers or occasional ( army ) hired scouts ; most survived and kept their scalps by having good relations with one or more native tribes, being multilingual out of necessity.

In December 2005, Coleman voted for a budget bill that cut funding from a number of programs, but kept funding for sugar beet farmers in Minnesota after Rove asked him to support the administration's position on the issue.

The wheat farmers enjoyed abundant output and good years from 1876 to 1881 when bad European harvests kept the world price high.

Once in power the new Holland Government proved decidedly administratively conservative, retaining, for instance, the welfare state set up by the previous Labour Government ; though National gained, and has largely kept ( with the exception of the Muldoon government ), a reputation for showing more favour to farmers and to business than did the Labour Party.

However, the sale of their land brought the farmers substantially more income than if they had kept the land for farming and ranching.

Other Bamana statues include fertility statues, meant to be kept with the wife at all times to ensure fertility, and statues created for vocational groups such as hunters and farmers, often used as offering places by other groups after prosperous farming seasons or successful hunting parties.

His main aim in life was to further knowledge and so he kept in touch with a vast array of contacts, from high philosophers to gentleman farmers.

In rural areas it is common that farmers are known by the traditional name of their farm or estate ( which often has been kept the same over centuries ) rather than their Nachname.

These neubauern ( new farmers ) were given limited ownership rights to the land, meaning that they kept it as long as they worked it.

That the principal exportable product of the Ohio Valley was grain did not help matters, as grain was a high-volume, low-priced commodity, frequently not worth the cost of transporting it to far-away population centers ( this was a factor leading to farmers in the west turning their grains into Whiskey for easier transport and higher sales, and later the Whiskey Rebellion ).

Many farmers in the Texas High Plains, which rely particularly on the underground source, are now turning away from irrigated agriculture as they become aware of the hazards of overpumping.

At best according to many historians, the Jeffersonians were reactionary utopians who resisted the onrush of capitalist modernity in hopes of turning America into a yeoman farmers ' arcadia.

The Nile Delta is turning into a salty wasteland by rising sea waters, forcing some farmers off their lands and others to import sand in a desperate bid to turn back the tide.

( He cited George Lorimer in 1902: "... when a fellow's turning flip-flops up among the clouds, he's naturally going to have the farmers gaping at him.

By 1853, Texas cattle were being driven into Missouri, where local farmers began blocking herds and turning them back because the Texas longhorns carried ticks that caused diseases in other types of cattle.

Following a rationalisation of the dairy industry in the 1960s many dairies closed down with farmers turning to beef cattle, which remains a feature of the region today.

There is some evidence that, especially in recent years, poor smallholder farmers are turning to agroforestry as a means to adapt to the impacts of climate change.

At best according to many historians, the Jeffersonians were reactionary utopians who resisted the onrush of capitalist modernity in hopes of turning America into a yeoman farmers ' arcadia.

Of the 3, 500 evicted white farmers it is reported that 2, 000 are still in Zimbabwe and are turning their hands to new business enterprises.

Around the world, and at local level, many groups had begun rescuing local seeds and traditional knowledge and building and defending sustainable biodiversity-based food systems under the control of local communities, while turning their backs on the laboratory developed ' solutions ' that had only got farmers into deeper trouble.

The higher price supports provided by the new legislation, together with rising prices for farm products, are pushing up farm income, making it possible for farmers to afford the new machinery.

One argument often made by the opponents of the anti-globalization movement ( especially by The Economist ), is that one of the major causes of poverty amongst third-world farmers are the trade barriers put up by rich nations and poor nations alike.

Retzius also describes how farmers would plant chives between the rocks making up the borders of their flowerbeds, to keep the plants free from pests ( such as Japanese beetles ).

In particular, early Aborigines are thought to have been fire-stick farmers using fire regularly and persistently to drive game, open up dense thickets of vegetation, and create fresh green regrowth for both humans and game animals to eat.

Fish constitute a smaller part of the Afghan diet today because fish farmers are unable to produce enough fish to keep up with the demands of customers.

Food prices are rising, wealthier Asian consumers are westernizing their diets, and farmers and nations of the third world are struggling to keep up the pace.

As a congressman, LaGuardia was a tireless and vocal champion of progressive causes, from allowing more immigration and removing U. S. troops from Nicaragua to speaking up for the rights and livelihoods of striking miners, impoverished farmers, oppressed minorities, and struggling families.

The redistribution of land did not necessarily lead to small farmers in the South winding up with land of their own or land they could work and profit from.

Democrats believed that opening up more land for yeoman farmers was critical for the success of republican virtue.

The railway opened up the interior, not only to the European farmers, missionaries, and administrators, but also to systematic government programs to attack slavery, witchcraft, disease, and famine.

The plantations formerly owned by white settlers were broken up and given to farmers, with the Kikuyu the favoured recipients, along with their allies the Embu and the Meru.

Enterprising Tonga have been given loans to set themselves up as farmers.

By 1912, 16 % of peasants ( up from 11 % in 1903 ) had relatively large endowments of over per male family member ( a threshold used in statistics to distinguish between middle-class and prosperous farmers, i. e., kulaks ).

Eventually returning to agriculture, he earned a living as both a moneylender and a grain merchant, buying up local grain and then selling it on in the city for a higher price, allowing him to become one of the wealthiest farmers in Shaoshan, with 20 acres of land.

Typically farmers break up hardpan up with a subsoiler, which acts as a long, sharp knife to slice through the hardened layer of soil deep below the surface.

In 2002 and 2003, FARC broke up ten large ranches in Meta, an eastern Colombian province, and distributed the land to local subsistence farmers.

Throughout the Middle Ages, and for some even until today, the lands of Lothair ( i. e., Old Lorraine ) were made up of self-governing republics of farmers, independent counties controlled by burghers, or city republics.

His ideas were taken up and carried to their extremes in the 20th century, when farmers repeatedly plowed fields far beyond what was necessary to control weeds.

The average Boers who made up their Commandos were farmers who had spent almost all their working life in the saddle, both as farmers and hunters.

The population was divided into three equally large groups made up of farmers, their families and servants, trade and government officials and people who owned no land and therefore not much else ; this included the landless proletariat from the villages that during this period came to Tórshavn in search of work.

Tilak traveled from village to village trying to conjure up support from farmers and locals to join the movement towards self-rule.

Made desperate by economic necessity, many of these former city dwellers, as well as many small farmers, were forced to give up hard-earned basic civil rights in order to receive protection from large land-holders.