According to one theory, the name derives from the fortified dessert wine, sherry ( which is sometimes sweetened after fermentation ) that, in England, once bore the nickname " sack ").

The science of bacteriology has displaced the old fermentation theory, and the term has practically dropped out of use.

This diagnosis is acknowledged by the Encyclopaedia Britannica ( 1911 ), which states: " The most trustworthy statements as to the early existence of the disease are found in an account by the 9th-century Persian physician Rhazes, by whom its symptoms were clearly described, its pathology explained by a humoral or fermentation theory, and directions given for its treatment.

In 1837, Charles Cagniard de la Tour, a physicist, and Theodor Schwann, one of the founders of cell theory, published their independent discovery of yeast in alcoholic fermentation.

* Catharine Parr Traill, in an account of her settler's life in Canada in the 1830s, speculated that settlers believed that heat from forest fires set by First Nations peoples " beyond the larger lakes " caused the return of warmer temperatures and other her own alternative theory that the heat derived from the fermentation of vegetation in the vast Canadian forests, which she predicted would cease when the region was well settled.

One theory is that it originated from Geysa ( geyser ), old Norse for gush, as, during times of vigorous fermentation, Gueuze will spew out of the bunghole of its enclosing oak barrel.

Ideally, a surgical field is " sterile ," meaning it is free of all biological contaminants, not just those that can cause disease, putrefaction, or fermentation, but that is a situation that is difficult to attain, especially given the patient is often a source of infectious agents.

Following screening of antibacterials against a wide range of bacteria, production of the active compounds is carried out using fermentation, usually in strongly aerobic conditions.

Their flavor is derived primarily from added flavors rather than from malt and other materials used in fermentation.

< p > While the alcohol content of flavored malt beverages is similar to that of most traditional malt beverages, the alcohol in many of them is derived primarily from the distilled spirits component of the added flavors rather than from fermentation .</ p > ( 70 Fed.

The basic ingredients of beer are water ; a starch source, such as malted barley, which is able to be fermented ( converted into alcohol ); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation ; and a flavouring, such as hops.

Although the process of fermentation was not fully understood until Pasteur's work in 1857, it is still the first use of biotechnology to convert a food source into another form.

For example, engineering soybeans to resist spoilage makes them less suitable for producing tempeh which is a significant source of protein that depends on fermentation.

After fermentation, the beans are dried, then cleaned, and then roasted, and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs.

He wrote that " alcoholic fermentation is an act correlated with the life and organization of the yeast cells, not with the death or putrefaction of the cells.

For alcoholics, but not generally, it allows the use of mustum ( grape juice in which fermentation has begun but has been suspended without altering the nature of the juice ), and it holds that, " since Christ is sacramentally present under each of the species, communion under the species of bread alone makes it possible to receive all the fruit of Eucharistic grace.

When added to wine before the fermentation process is complete, the alcohol in the distilled beverage kills the yeast and leaves residual sugar behind.

If fermentation is allowed to run to completion, the resulting wine will ( in most cases ) be low in sugar and will be considered a dry wine.

The earlier in the fermentation process that alcohol is added, the sweeter the resulting wine will be.

For drier fortified wine styles, such as sherry, the alcohol is added shortly before or after the end of the fermentation.

The addition of alcohol stops the fermentation and, as a consequence Mistelle is sweeter than fully fermented grape juice in which the sugars turn to alcohol.

After fermentation is complete, sherry is fortified with brandy.

In contrast, port wine ( for example ) is fortified halfway through its fermentation, which stops the process so that not all of the sugar is turned into alcohol.

Regardless of the grape, fermentation is stopped by the addition of up to 10 % of a 190 proof ( 95 %) grape spirit.

If this dough is leavened with yeast, fermentation produces carbon dioxide bubbles, which, trapped by the gluten network, cause the dough to rise.

They lay it down as a principle, that the immediate cause of the smallpox exists in the mortal part of every human and animal form ; that the mediate ( or second ) acting cause, which stirs up the first, and throws it into a state of fermentation, is multitudes of imperceptible animalculae floating in the atmosphere ; that these are the cause of all epidemical diseases, but more particularly of the small pox.

Pasteur demonstrated fermentation is caused by the growth of micro-organisms, and the emergent growth of bacteria in nutrient broths is not due to spontaneous generation, but rather to biogenesis ( Omne vivum ex vivo " all life is from life ").

Rather than studying muscles " twitch ," the lab was now purifying and characterizing the enzymes involved in muscle action but were involved in yeast fermentation.

Louis Pasteur, born in nearby Dole, was raised in Arbois and conducted various experiments related to fermentation in his home, which is now a museum.

The site is now used by Universal Beverages to process fruit for cider producers such as Bulmers and includes two giant fermentation tanks, each capable of holding 800, 000 litres.

While Pasteur believed that the only substance implied in the process of fermentation was yeast, Bernard-and Berthelot in his own way-believed that some other soluble ferment was involved: a German chemist will demonstrate the existence of this “ ferment ”, an intracellular diastase and will call “ zymase ” what we know now as enzymes.

When the winemaker decides that maceration is sufficient, often towards the end of the fermentation, the liquid phase, which by now is red wine, is run off.

Kirin now applies its fermentation technology to areas such as plant genetics, pharmaceuticals, and bioengineering.

When the fermentation process is complete, the combination of medium and dormant microbes, now beer, is ready for consumption.

Refresh UK now have one brewhouse using some of beautiful old Brakspear vessels & 2 fermentation rooms at their Witney site — one largely for their Wychwood beers & the other with the famous Brakspear ' dropping vessels '.

The concept that cancer cells switch to fermentation in lieu of aerobic respiration has become widely accepted, even if it is not seen as the cause of cancer.

Many of these are blends using staple ingredients of variously cured Burley and Virginia tobaccos which are enhanced by spice tobaccos, among them many Oriental or Balkan varietals, Latakia ( a fire-cured spice tobacco of Syrian origin ), Perique ( uniquely grown in St. James Parish, Louisiana ) which is also an old method of fermentation, or blends of Virginia and Burley tobaccos of African, Indian, or South American origins.

Many types of yeasts are used for making many foods: baker's yeast in bread production ; brewer's yeast in beer fermentation ; yeast in wine fermentation and for xylitol production.

In Korea, it is called aekjeot or jeotgal, and is used as a crucial ingredient in many types of kimchi ( usually from myoelchi, anchovy or kanari which is made from sand lance ), both for taste and fermentation.

While a lecturer at Manchester University Weizmann discovered how to use bacterial fermentation to produce large quantities of many desired substances.

In yeast, plants, and many bacteria, some alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation to ensure a constant supply of NAD < sup >+</ sup >.

Anaerobic bacteria and archaea use these and many other fermentative pathways, e. g., propionic acid fermentation, butyric acid fermentation, solvent fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, butanediol fermentation, Stickland fermentation, acetogenesis, or methanogenesis.

If oxygen is present in the cell, many organisms will bypass fermentation and undergo cellular respiration ; however, facultative anaerobic organisms will both ferment and undergo respiration in the presence of oxygen.

Lactic acid fermentation is used in many areas of the world to produce foods that cannot be produced through other methods.

In addition to mammals, phenethylamine is found in many other organisms and foods, such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation.

Grooved ware comes in many sizes, some vessels are extremely large, c. 30gallons, and would be suitable for fermentation.

The 20th century saw many advances in winemaking technology and practices — particularly the introduction of temperature-controlled fermentation and controlled inducing of malolactic fermentation.

SSF, unlike that of slurry state, requires no complex fermentation controls and has many advantages over submerged liquid fermentation.

Historically many of the wines ( other than late harvest wines ) were probably dry ( trocken ), as techniques to stop fermentation did not exist.

The grape itself is not particularly sweet but many of the sweet Lambrusco are made by either partial fermentation or with the addition of the sweeter Ancellotta grapes to the blend.