M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in 1972.

In 1976, T. P. Pearsall created the first high-brightness, high-efficiency LEDs for optical fiber telecommunications by inventing new semiconductor materials specifically adapted to optical fiber transmission wavelengths.

The Monsanto Company was the first organization to mass-produce visible LEDs, using gallium arsenide phosphide ( GaAsP ) in 1968 to produce red LEDs suitable for indicators.

The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, and even watches ( see list of signal uses ).

The existence of blue LEDs and high-efficiency LEDs quickly led to the development of the first white LED, which employed a: Ce, or " YAG ", phosphor coating to mix yellow ( down-converted ) light with blue to produce light that appears white.

Notable achievements by Monsanto as a chemical company included the awarding of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to William S. Knowles for his research ( with Ryōji Noyori ) on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation performed at Monsanto from the 1960s to 1986 and being the first company to mass-produce light emitting diodes ( LEDs ).

In 1968 they became the first company to start mass production of ( visible ) light emitting diodes ( LEDs ), using gallium arsenide phosphide.

When Christmas light manufacturers first started using LEDs the colors seemed very dull and uninspiring.

Error codes were displayed on one of the first seven-segment displays ( 2 digits ) ever seen, built with lamps rather than LEDs.

* For SAAM ( 2007 ), Holzer's first cylindrical column of light and text created from white electronic LEDs, featuring texts from four of the artist's series — Truisms, Living ( selections ), Survival ( selections ) and Arno -; commissioned by the Smithsonian American Art Museum

Red LEDs emit only red light in the first place, and hence consume much less energy.

Cabletron found its first success in the 10BASE-5 Ethernet market, providing the ST-500, the first Ethernet transceiver that featured diagnostic LEDs, and the LAN-MD, the first commercially-viable field-deployable 10BASE-5 test set.

Also in 2009, with a dramatic increase in the use of LEDs, Cree said its Durham plant would add 575 workers by 2012, with the first 200 hired in the first few months after the announcement.

The first option is using Light Emitting Diodes ( LEDs ) to back light.

At first they were only feathers and dark indistinguishable faces and bodies, hunched over their horses' heads.

Two of the new hands, a Mexican named Jose Amado and a kid known only as Laredo, were picked for the first trick of riding night herd.

After the first two murders, the warning notes were rarely ignored.

Even the knowledge that she was losing another boy, as a mother always does when a marriage is made, did not prevent her from having the first carefree, dreamless sleep that she had known since they dropped down the canyon and into Bear Valley, way, way back there when they were crossing those other mountains.

Out of compulsion to say something cheery, Ben Prime blurted, `` Well, we were lucky to be on soft ground when the first floodheads hit.

His political opponent and lifetime friend, Thomas Jefferson, achieved immortality through his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, but equally notable were the legal and constitutional reforms he instituted in his native Virginia, his role as father of our territorial system, and his acquisition of the Louisiana Territory during his first term as President.

This is the primary function of the imagination operating in the absence of the original experiential stimulus by which the images were first appropriated.

Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.

Even the first wave of homesickness had passed, although there were moments when Captain Heard pointed out on his compass the direction of Bradford that she felt a little twinge at her heart.

When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.

The evening of our first day we drove with Christopher and Judy Sakellariadis, who were friends and patients of Norton, to dine at a restaurant on the shores of the Aegean.

So persistent were these attacks that in March of the following year, Woodruff was finally moved to action, and Pike was to learn his first lesson in frontier politics, the subtle art of diversion.

In the next few months of comparative silence, Pike waited patiently until conditions were perfect for a new attack, and then, displaying a remarkable grasp of the subtleties of political infighting, gained from his first bout with Woodruff, he used these changed conditions to excellent advantage.

Although this kind of wholesale objection came at first from some men who were not technically Puritans, still, once the Puritans gained power, they climaxed the affair by passing the infamous ordinance of 1642 which decreed that all `` public stage-plays shall cease and be forborne ''.

Our first impression of the data was that the students were surprisingly orthodox and religiously involved.

But all the reports of this first embassy show that the two Savoyards were the heads of it, for they were the only ones who were empowered to swear for the king that he would abide by the pope's decision and who were allowed to appoint deputies in the event that one was unavoidably absent.

the Low Countries, where the Middle Ages were to last for another two centuries and die out only when Charles the Bold of Burgundy met his first defeat in the fields and forests below the walls of Grandson.

It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.

There were several men of ninety or more whom I knew first or last, all of whom were still productive and most of whom knew one another as if they had naturally come together at the apex of their lives.

It met a serious rebuff in New Orleans, where the two schools selected for the first moves toward integration were boycotted by white parents.

These microfossils indicate the swamp was `` formed during the Lower Cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing.

Another school frowns on such a shortcut, and insists that after leaving the bin an old red wine should first stand on end for several days to allow the sediment to roll to the very bottom, after which the bottle may be gently eased to a tilted position on its side in the cradle.

Alec's first impression of the lobby was gloomy, Victorian dignity -- black walnut and red plush, a black and white tiled floor, and Persian rugs.

The 1961 theme is the Dakota Territorial Centennial, with the pictures including the Lewis and Clark expedition, the first river steamboat, the 1876 gold rush, a little red schoolhouse on the prairie, and today's construction of large Missouri River reservoirs.

Only the first 6000 to arrive were admitted and paid, with the red rope now used to keep latecomers at bay.

At first, the falcon crest logo was also put on the jersey sleeves, but it was replaced by a red and white stripe pattern four years later.

Blue shorts were retained, but the socks were for the first time red, with a white flash.

Included among the latter are the area's five premier cru ( first growth ) red wines ( four from Médoc and one, Château Haut-Brion, from Graves ), established by the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855:

Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings, and earned the famous nickname, a year or two before hiring the first fully professional team in 1869.

O atoms are red balls, N atoms are blue, and H atoms are omitted for simplicity ; sidechains are shown only out to the first sidechain C atom ( green ).

* Primary colours or first colours: The main croquet ball colours used which are blue, red, black and yellow ( in order of play ).

The colours had been chosen by the group of boys who had founded Charlton Athletic in 1905 after having to play their first matches in the borrowed kits of their local rivals Woolwich Arsenal, who also played in red and white.

The first American-made pocket-sized calculator, the Bowmar 901B ( popularly referred to as The Bowmar Brain ), measuring 5. 2 × 3. 0 × 1. 5 in ( 131 × 77 × 37 mm ), came out in the Autumn of 1971, with four functions and an eight-digit red LED display, for $ 240, while in August 1972 the four-function Sinclair Executive became the first slimline pocket calculator measuring 5. 4 × 2. 2 × 0. 35 in ( 138 × 56 × 9 mm ) and weighing 2. 5 oz ( 70g ).

The fact that the Sun has a million-degree corona was first discovered by Gotrian in 1939 and Bengt Edlén in 1941 by identifying the coronal lines ( observed since 1869 ) as transitions from low-lying metastable levels of the ground configuration of highly ionized metals ( the green FeXIV line at 5303 Å, but also the red line FeX at 6374 Å ).

The same circuits were then packaged as the first " R " ( red ) series " Flip-Chip " modules.

alt = A baseball player standing at first base with his glove, wearing a red jersey with the word " Astros " in front

Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks.

The existence of other galaxies and red shift was actually first discovered by the American astronomer Vesto Slipher.

One of the club's first ever kits was half red, half white shirts with white shorts worn in the 1886 – 7 season.

In 2007 the Texans introduced red pants for the first time, pairing them with the red jerseys for an all-red look.

This is the first time a Red Funnel ferry has been re-painted out of its own red and white colour scheme.

It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book.