The first atomic-resolution structures of proteins were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis in the 1960s ( Perutz and Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for these discoveries ) and by NMR in the 1980s.

Crystal and NMR structures of the individual domains and 2-domain constructs of integrases from HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, and Rous Sarcoma Virus ( RSV ) have been reported, with the first structures determined in 1994.

When Wüthrich joined the Bell Labs, he was put in charge of one of the first superconducting NMR spectrometers, and started studying the structure and dynamics of proteins.

After returning to Switzerland, Wüthrich collabrated with among others nobel laureate Richard R. Ernst on developing the first 2 dimensional NMR experiments, and established the nuclear Overhauser effect as a convenient way of measuring distances within proteins.

The NMR spectrum established that it was non-classically bridged ( the first stable non-classical ion observed ).

The NMR of the norbornyl cation was first reported by Schleyer et al.

* In quantum computing, the first working 7-qubit NMR computer is demonstrated at IBM's Almaden Research Center, demonstrating Shor's algorithm.

Bloembergen was hired to develop a first NMR machine.

The first demonstration was with NMR qubits.

This first study on muscle highlighted the value of NMR in that it was determined that 90 % of cellular ATP is complexed with magnesium.

His research into sodium and potassium in living cells led him to his first experiments with nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) which caused him to first propose the MR body scanner in 1969.

In 1974, he received the first patent in the field of MRI when he patented the concept of NMR for detecting cancer after filing an application in 1972.

The term " apicophilicity " was first proposed by Earl L. Muetterties in 1963 for the structural analysis of pentacoordinate phosphorus fluorides by < sup > 19 </ sup > F NMR.

There, he was in charge of the lab's first NMR spectrometer, and published his first scientific paper, which pointed out an additivity rule for substituent induced shifts of proton NMR signals in steroid derivatives.

In 1974, his research paper was the first to introduce the use of NMR to study tissue metabolites.

His contribution to the interpretation of the phenomenon of unusual retardation and enhancement in polymer dissolution is pathbreaking, since he was the first to show the crucial role of disengagement dynamics in dissolution, for which he provided a direct evidence through some probing in-situ NMR experiments.

NMR fares from Derby to Sheffield were 11 shillings ( 55 p ) first class and 7 s ( 35 p ) second class.

Together with Amr Fahmy and Timothy Havel he developed the concept of pseudo-pure states and performed the first experimental demonstrations of NMR quantum computing.

Ampicillin was the first of a number of so-called broad spectrum penicillins subsequently introduced by Beecham.

The radiation, first observed in 1965 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, has a perfect thermal black-body spectrum.

Spectroscopic studies revealed absorption lines in the Jovian spectrum due to diatomic sulfur ( S < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carbon disulfide ( CS < sub > 2 </ sub >), the first detection of either in Jupiter, and only the second detection of S < sub > 2 </ sub > in any astronomical object.

DASI made the first detection of the polarization of the CMB and the CBI provided the first E-mode polarization spectrum with compelling evidence that it is out of phase with the T-mode spectrum.

The first results from this mission, disclosed in 2003, were detailed measurements of the angular power spectrum to below degree scales, tightly constraining various cosmological parameters.

For the case of a carrier modulated by a single sine wave, the resulting frequency spectrum can be calculated using Bessel functions of the first kind, as a function of the sideband number and the modulation index.

The first evidence of helium was observed on August 18, 1868 as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587. 49 nanometers in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun.

Moseley's law advanced atomic physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce.

Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores, as a new and unknown element.

File: Joseph von Fraunhofer. jpg | Joseph von Fraunhofer, ( 1787-1826 ): first to studied the dark lines of the Sun ’ s spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer lines, first to use extensively the diffraction grating ( a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does ), set the stage for the development of spectroscopy, making optical glass and achromatic telescope objectives.

The first major development was ampicillin, which offered a broader spectrum of activity than either of the original penicillins.

Stimulated emission was first observed in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, giving rise to the acronym MASER for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

On September 2012 MTS launched the country ’ s first TD-LTE network, using the TD-LTE spectrum in the 2595-2620 MHz band it secured in February .< Ref >" MTS launches first TD-LTE network in Russia "

The stages of sleep were first described in 1937 by Alfred Lee Loomis and his coworkers, who separated the different electroencephalography ( EEG ) features of sleep into five levels ( A to E ), which represented the spectrum from wakefulness to deep sleep.

There are great challenges in searching across the cosmos for a first transmission that could be characterized as intelligent, since its direction, spectrum and method of communication are all unknown beforehand.

A 1959 paper by Philip Morrison and Giuseppe Cocconi first pointed out the possibility of searching the microwave spectrum, and proposed frequencies and a set of initial targets

Usually the intermediate frequency is lower than the reception frequency f < small >< sub > d </ sub ></ small >, but in some modern receivers ( e. g. scanners and spectrum analyzers ) it is more convenient to first convert an entire band to a much higher intermediate frequency ; this eliminates the problem of image rejection.

The first results were surprisingly close to their published spectrum!

A 1998 paper by Andrew Wakefield, originally published in The Lancet, presented supposed evidence that the MMR Vaccine ( an immunization against measles, mumps and rubella that is typically first administered to children before their first birthday ) was linked to the onset of autism spectrum disorders.

Among the first 101 elements in the periodic table, only francium is less stable.

A more numerically stable two-pass algorithm first computes the sample means, and then the covariance:

Even greater accuracy can be achieved by first computing the means, then using the stable one-pass algorithm on the residuals.

After the team had developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945.

But the study of these curves was first developed in 1959 by mathematician Paul de Casteljau using de Casteljau's algorithm, a numerically stable method to evaluate Bézier curves.

Of the 118 known elements, only the first 98 are known to occur naturally on Earth ; 80 of them are stable, while the others are radioactive, decaying into lighter elements over various timescales from fractions of a second to billions of years.

The first proposed catalytic cycle for the conversion of hydrogen into helium was at first simply called the carbon – nitrogen cycle ( CN cycle ), also honorarily referred to as the Bethe – Weizsäcker cycle, because it does not involve a stable isotope of oxygen.

The first stable mathematical model of an electronic oscillator, the Van der Pol oscillator, was derived by Balthasar van der Pol in 1927.

The first clinical trial, involving 30 women with breast cancer, combined insulin with low-dose methotrexate ( a common chemotherapy drug ) resulted in greatly increased stable disease, and much reduced progressive disease, compared with insulin or low-dose methotrexate alone.

Even before the Declaration of Boulogne, the language was remarkably stable ; only one set of lexical changes were made in the first year after publication, namely changing " when ", " then ", " never ", " sometimes ", " always " from kian, tian, nenian, ian, ĉian to kiam, tiam, neniam etc., to avoid confusion with the accusative forms of kia " what sort of ", tia " that sort of ", etc.

The first two years of Cerezo's administration were characterized by a stable economy and a marked decrease in political violence.

In 2009, scientists in Japan announced that they had successfully transferred a gene into a primate species ( marmosets ) and produced a stable line of breeding transgenic primates for the first time.

Programming on GnuCash began in 1997, and its first stable release was in 1998.

GDB was first written by Richard Stallman in 1986 as part of his GNU system, after his GNU Emacs was " reasonably stable ".

Many minor problems that existed in the first edition were fixed making it, according to many, the most stable release of the Windows 9x family.

The stable block is a large building built mostly in stone, but with a timber-framed, decoratively panelled first storey designed in an anachronistic, vernacular style.

Major League Baseball returned to the city in 1969 with the Royals, who have proven stable and became the first American League expansion team to reach the playoffs, in 1976, the World Series, in 1980 and to win the World Series, in 1985 against the state-rival St. Louis Cardinals in the " Show-Me Series.

The first three Lagrangian points are technically stable only in the plane perpendicular to the line between the two bodies.

If the spacecraft started to reenter nose first ( another stable reentry attitude for the spacecraft ), airflow over the spoiler would flip the spacecraft around to the proper, heatshield-first reentry attitude, a technique called shuttlecocking.

The first stable compound of argon was reported in 2000 when argon fluorohydride ( HArF ) was formed at a temperature of.

Though not understood at the time by Thomson, this was the first discovery of isotopes of stable atoms.

The first evidence for isotopes of a stable element.

Mieszko I, the first historically recorded ruler of the Polans, and of the early Polish state which they dominated, built one of his main stable headquarters in Poznań.

") He soon became the pastor and overseer of the Brethren meeting, at first over a stable but shortly, under Gosse's preaching and peacemaking, in finer quarters — which he perhaps financed himself.