The life history of the alkali bee is similar to that of Andrena, but the first activity of the adults does not take place until summer, and the individuals hibernate in the prepupal stage.

The first stage of translation after glossary lookup is structural analysis of the input text.

Although it is not possible to sunder old and new in this era, I shall consider in the present chapter primarily the first decades of the eighth century and shall interpret them as an apogee of the first stage of Greek civilization.

The first stage of operation has centered on the literature imaging of critical or summarizing tabulations such as the Barker Index.

The luminous gain of a single stage with Af ( flux gain ) is, to a first approximation, given by the product of the photocathode sensitivity S ( amp / lumen ), the anode potential V ( volts ), and the phosphor conversion efficiency P ( lumen/watt ).

It is obvious that the careful choice of photocathode which maximizes Af for a given input E ( in the case of the second stage, for the first phosphor screen emission ) is very important.

He recognized that whatever transformation may be effected in the first stage of an R-stage process, the remaining stages must use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to the state resulting from the first stage, if there is to be any chance of optimizing the complete process.

Moreover, by systematically varying the operating conditions in the first stage and always using the optimal Af-stage policy for the remaining stages, we shall eventually find the optimal policy for all R stages.

For any choice of admissible policy Af in the first stage, the state of the stream leaving this stage is given by Af.

If we consider a process in which the outcome of one stage is known before passage to the next, then the principle of optimality shows that the policy in subsequent stages should be optimal with respect to the outcome of the first.

Thus, typically, the first stage of a Communist takeover is to `` neutralize '' a country.

During the first stage of the plague outbreak, Paneloux preaches a sermon at the cathedral.

Assuming no loss of time when moving a car from one station to another, the longest stage on the assembly line determines the throughput ( 20 minutes for the engine installation ) so a car can be produced every 20 minutes, once the first car taking 35 minutes has been produced.

* 1871 – The first stage of the Brill Tramway opened.

The excavators discovered the final stage of the Temple of Aphrodite, also known as Aphrodisias, which dates approximately to the first century BC.

* 1944 – The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with CSAR operations in the China-Burma-India theater.

NASA later confirmed the object to be a piece of the first stage of the Saturn V rocket that launched Apollo 16 into space.

Ayckbourn joined Wolfit on tour to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe as an acting assistant stage manager ( meaning a role that involved both acting and stage management ) for three weeks, with his first role on the professional stage being various parts in The Strong are Lonely by Fritz Hochwälder .< ref name = acting >

Colloquially referred to as the New World, this second super continent came to be termed " America ", probably deriving its name from the feminized Latin version of Vespucci's first name .< ref > Rival explanations have been proposed ( see Arciniegas, Germán.

The book records the first 39 years of what the Nephites termed " the reign of the judges ", a period in which the Nephite nation adopted a constitutional theocratic government in which the judicial and executive branches of the government were combined.

The first, termed Proto-Isaiah ( chapters 1 – 39 ), contains the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet with 7th-century BCE expansions ; the second, Deutero-Isaiah ( chapters 40 – 55 ), is the work of a 6th-century BCE author writing near the end of the Babylonian captivity ; and the third, the poetic Trito-Isaiah ( chapters 56 – 66 ), was composed in Jerusalem shortly after the return from exile, probably by multiple authors.

The last premolar of the upper jaw and first molar of the lower are termed the carnassials or sectorial teeth.

The first of the three laws, previously termed Clarke's Law, was proposed by Arthur C. Clarke in the essay " Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination ", in Profiles of the Future ( 1962 ).

There were certainly castrati in the Sistine Chapel choir in 1558, although not described as such: on 27 April of that year, Hernando Bustamante, a Spaniard from Palencia, was admitted ( the first castrati so termed who joined the Sistine choir were Pietro Paolo Folignato and Girolamo Rossini, admitted in 1599 ).

Twenty-six cartridges, termed ' Videocarts ', were officially released to consumers during the ownership of Fairchild and Zircon, the first twenty-one of which were released by Fairchild.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the first known recorded usage of the word diaspora in the English language was in 1876 referring " extensive diaspora work ( as it is termed ) of evangelizing among the National Protestant Churches on the continent ".

After first observing it under his microscope, he termed the structure the internal reticular apparatus.

He first termed it aquaculture but later found that aquaculture was already applied to culture of aquatic organisms.

Braid made a rough distinction between different stages of hypnosis, which he termed the first and second conscious stage of hypnotism ; he later replaced this with a distinction between " sub-hypnotic ", " full hypnotic ", and " hypnotic coma " stages.

It was the first combat sport that adopted the name of " Kickboxing " in 1966, later termed " Japanese kickboxing " as a retronym.

That is, the monopoly is restricted from engaging in price discrimination ( this is termed first degree price discrimination, such that all customers are charged the same amount ).

The first widespread motor vehicle services were shared taxi services termed service cars ; a significant early provider was Aard, operating elongated Hudson Super-Six Coaches.

Most geologists and paleontologists would probably set the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary either at the classic point where the first trilobites and reef building animals ( archaeocyatha ) such as corals and others appear ; at the first appearance of a complex feeding burrow called Treptichnus pedum ; or at the first appearance of a group of small, generally disarticulated, armored forms termed ' the small shelly fauna '.

The precursor to the final functional form of protein is termed proprotein, and these proproteins may be first synthesized as preproprotein.

One version of the hypothesis is that a different type of nucleic acid, termed pre-RNA, was the first one to emerge as a self-reproducing molecule, to be replaced by RNA only later.

In the first, more philosophically oriented phase, Steiner attempted to find a synthesis between science and mysticism ; his philosophical work of these years, which he termed spiritual science, sought to provide a connection between the cognitive path of Western philosophy and the inner and spiritual needs of the human being.

The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer construction types in common use to this day which can as a class all be termed as either core form or shell form ( or alternatively, core-type or shell type ), as in a ) or b ), respectively ( see images ).

* Length of delay: A delay of a year or more from the date on which the speedy trial right " attaches " ( the date of arrest or indictment, whichever first occurs ) was termed " presumptively prejudicial ," but the Court has never explicitly ruled that any absolute time limit applies.

Under zero-based numbering, the initial element is sometimes termed the zeroth element, rather than the first element ; zeroth is a coined ordinal number corresponding to the number zero.

It might, however, be more properly termed an anti-backronym because the term " Jini " never stood for anything in the first place.

The first edition boxed set of Call of Cthulhu included the booklet as its character creation rules.

Call of Cthulhu uses the Basic Role-Playing system used by other Chaosium games ( first seen in RuneQuest ).

For those grounded in the RPG tradition, the very first release of Call of Cthulhu created a brand new framework for table-top gaming.

The first book of Call of Cthulhu adventures was Shadows of Yog-Sothoth.

Shadows of Yog-Sothoth is important not only because it represents the first published addition to the boxed first edition of Call of Cthulhu, but because its format defined a new way of approaching a campaign of linked RPG scenarios involving actual clues for the would-be detectives amongst the players to follow and link in order to uncover the dastardly plots afoot.

The first licensed Call of Cthulhu 25mm gaming miniatures were sculpted by Andrew Chernack and released by Grenadier Models in boxed sets and blister packs in 1983.

The term was first coined by August Derleth, a contemporary correspondent of Lovecraft, who used the name of the creature Cthulhu — a central figure in Lovecraft literature and the focus of Lovecraft's famous short story The Call of Cthulhu ( first published in pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928 )— to identify the system of lore employed by Lovecraft and his literary successors.

This was first established in The Call of Cthulhu, with the minds of the human characters deteriorating when afforded a glimpse of what exists outside their perceived reality.

* The Mi-go aliens in the Cthulhu Mythos of H. P. Lovecraft, first appearing in the story " The Whisperer in Darkness " ( 1931 ), can transport humans from Earth to Pluto ( and beyond ) and back again by removing the subject's brain and placing it into a " brain cylinder ", which can be attached to external devices to allow it to see, hear, and speak.

The board game Arkham Horror and dice game Elder Sign are derived from mechanisms first introduced in the Call of Cthulhu RPG.

* The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos by S. T. Joshi ( Mythos Books, 2008 ) is the first full-length critical study since Lin Carter's to examine the development of Lovecraft's Mythos and its outworking in the oeuvres of various modern writers.

R ' lyeh is a fictional lost city that first appeared in the H. P. Lovecraft short story The Call of Cthulhu, first published in Weird Tales in 1928.

Cthulhu is a fictional cosmic entity who first appeared in the short story " The Call of Cthulhu ", published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928.

However, the concept of the Dark Young was first introduced by game designer Sandy Petersen for the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game.

After first appearing in the H. P. Lovecraft 1922 serial " Herbert West – Reanimator ", the school appeared in numerous horror stories in the Cthulhu Mythos by Lovecraft and other writers.

Another issue of this magazine-Crypt of Cthulhu No 43 ( Hallowmas 1983 ), titled The Tomb-Herd and Others collects various early stories including some early drafts of tales later published revised in Campbell's first book, The Inhabitant of the Lake and Less Welcome Tenants ( Arkham House, 1964 ).

His first collection, The Inhabitant of the Lake and Less Welcome Tenants, is a volume of Cthulhu Mythos stories published by Arkham House in 1964.

Campbell has also edited a number of anthologies, including New Tales of the Cthulhu Mythos ( 1980 ), New Terrors ( 1980 ) and ( with Stephen Jones ) the first five volumes of the annual Best New Horror series ( 1990 – 1994 ).