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The flax and ship timber of New Zealand were attractive, but these prospective advantages were balanced by the obvious impossibility of forming a settlement there in the face of undoubted opposition from the native Maori.
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flax and ship
The first ship known to have entered the harbour was the Perseverance in 1813, in search of flax trading possibilities, with the first European settlers arriving in 1823 / 1824.
flax and timber
A subsidiary colony was to be founded on Norfolk Island, as recommended by Sir John Call, to take advantage for naval purposes of that island's native flax and timber.
Though unaware of the British intention to settle Norfolk Island, which was not announced until 5 December 1786, Forster referred to “ the nearness of New Zealand ; the excellent flax plant ( Phormium ) that grows so abundantly there ; its incomparable shipbuilding timber ”, as among the advantages of the new colony.
The local Raglan economy was supported initially by flax and timber exports, these were followed by farming and dairy which are still the mainstays of the area.
The town imported flax and timber from the Baltic ; salt, fruit and wine from France and Portugal.
The association unsuccessfully petitioned the British Government for a 31-year term of exclusive trade as well as command over a military force, anticipating that large profits could be made from New Zealand flax, kauri timber, whaling and sealing.
To cope with increasing imports of flax, timber and hemp, and exports of coal, salt and linen, between 1843 and 1846 a new wet dock and pier was built at the harbour.
* 1855 Paiaka settlers move closer to the coast at " Foxton ", which becomes a port handling flax, timber and agricultural produce.
Pakeha Maori such as Jacky Marmon were instrumental in obtaining muskets from trading ships in return for flax, timber and smoked heads.
Wynne sent positive reports concerning the potential for local fisheries and for the production of salt, hemp, flax, tar, iron, timber and hops.
Farming was to become a major industry, but timber, flax and gold also provided a means to a living.
The fortifications of such a purpose-built pā included palisades of hard puriri trunks sunk about 1. 5m in the ground and split timber, with bundles of protective flax padding in the later gunfighter pā, the two lines of palisade covering a firing trench with individual pits, while more defenders could use the second palisade to fire over the heads of the first below.
The Government also incorporated into the colonization plan the project for settling Norfolk Island, with its attractions of timber and flax, proposed by Banks ’ s Royal Society colleagues, Sir John Call and Sir George Young.
The export economy was based essentially on agriculture and livestock, while iron, copper, and gold along with such products as timber, resin, pitch, hemp, flax and fish were also exported.
flax and New
Two of the genera, Hemerocallis ( day lily ) and Phormium ( New Zealand flax ), are grown as ornamentals worldwide.
Cook went ashore on Tuesday 11 October 1774, and is said to have been impressed with the tall straight trees and New Zealand flax plants, which, although not related to the Northern Hemisphere flax plants after which they are named, produce fibres of economic importance.
The alternative source of Norfolk Island for these, ( or in the case of flax and hemp, similar ) supplies is argued by some historians, notably Geoffrey Blainey in Tyranny of Distance, as being a major reason for the founding of the convict settlement of New South Wales by the First Fleet in 1788.
New Zealand produces in addition flax, which is an object equally of utility and curiosity.
England will speedily be enabled to draw from her colony of New South Wales, the staple of Russia, hemp and flax .”
An experiment in 1874 to produce flax from Phomium Tenax ( New Zealand flax ) failed ( the cultivation of flax recommenced in 1907 and eventually became the island ’ s largest export ).
A discovery reported in 2009 of spun, dyed, and knotted wild flax fibers in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia shows that the plant was already in use by humans at the surprisingly early date of 30, 000 B. C .. New Zealand flax is not related to flax but was named after it, as both plants are used to produce fibers.
New methods of processing flax and the rising price of cotton have led to renewed interest in the use of flax as an industrial fiber.
New Zealand flax describes the common New Zealand perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium colensoi, known by the Māori names harakeke and wharariki respectively.
New Zealand flax ( harakeke in Māori )
During the early Musket Wars and later New Zealand land wars, Māori used large, thickly woven flax mats to cover entrances and lookout holes in their " gunfighter's pā " fortifications.
By the early 19th century the quality of rope materials made from New Zealand flax was known internationally, as was the quality of New Zealand trees which were used for spars and masts.
Oil from New Zealand flax seed was commercially produced in 1993 by the Waihi Bush organic farm in the South Island.
New Zealand flax seed oil has high levels of Omega-3, and provides an alternative to taking fish oil.
* Flax and flax working at Te Ara-the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
flax and Zealand
This one small craft spawned a fleet of sailing scows that were to become forever associated with the gum trade and the flax and kauri industries of northern New Zealand.
He conducted experiments in growing tobacco, cotton, coffee and New Zealand flax in the colony.
As the chief Government-employed scientist, Hector gave politicians advice on questions as diverse as exporting wool to Japan and improving fibre production from New Zealand flax.
flax and were
Gums were extracted from quince, psyllium ( fleawort ), flax, and locust ( carob ) seeds in ancient times.
Bow strings were, and still are, made of hemp, flax or silk, and attached to the wood via horn " nocks " that fit onto the end of the bow.
The classic materials are flax, hemp or wool ; those of the Balearic islanders were said to be made from a type of rush.
The items listed in the kitchen were ; silver spoons, pewter, brass, iron, arms, ammunition, hemp, flax and other implements about the room.
The discovery of dyed flax fibres in a cave in the Republic of Georgia dated to 34, 000 BCE suggests textile-like materials were made even in prehistoric times.
Tree-fern logs and flax were the main building materials.
They were still hunters, but had domesticated animals ; they were fairly skillful metallurgists, casting bronze in moulds of stone and clay, and they were also agriculturists, cultivating beans, the vine, wheat and flax.
Smaller settlements which included Killeshandra in County Cavan were to leave their own mark particularly with the growth of flax and the Irish linen industry.
Women made quilts, wove wool and flax into cloth, made the family clothes, carried water from a well or stream, cooked food in open fireplaces, raised the children, and nursed them when they were sick.
It was one of the main centres of the linen industry West of the River Bann, and until 1956, the processes of flax spinning, weaving, bleaching and beetling were carried out in the town.
The flax was grown for its fibres, which were used to make linen sheeting, sacking and rope, and for its seeds, from which linseed oil was obtained.
The last two buildings were variously used for milling corn, the production of textiles, and for processing flax at different points in their history.
Early settlers were farmers who grew crops such as wheat, rye, corn, barley, flax, and hemp, as-well-as raising livestock.
The flat, lower part of the community was laid out in city-sized lots of 25 ' by 100 ' while the hillsides were plated as sites for larger Victorian " villas " for such individuals as Vice President Garret A. Hobart ( now the location of William Paterson University ) and the Barbour family of linen flax manufacturers.
Most grains, vegetable crops, and fruit trees were imported to Pern, as were a wide variety of herbs and fiber plants such as flax and cotton.
There were several slaughterhouses, two breweries, and two retteries for the processing of flax.
In larger tōtara waka, three or more sections were laced together with flax rope.
According to the poet Thomas Gray, the Queen and her ladies " were in no small terror " as trains of flax were set alight and flames ran swiftly from candle to candle.
Plaiting and weaving ( raranga ) the flax fibres into baskets were but only two of the great variety of uses made of flax by Māori who recognised nearly 60 varieties, and who carefully propagated their own flax nurseries and plantations throughout the land.
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