Resistance to infection ( immunity ) may be acquired following a disease, by asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, by harboring an organism with a similar structure ( crossreacting ), or by vaccination.

For example, Shigella is a longstanding World Health Organization ( WHO ) target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea / dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure ; thus, vaccination to prevent this disease should be feasible.

Shigella has been a longstanding World Health Organization target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea / dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure ; thus, vaccination to prevent the disease should be feasible.

Shigella has been a longstanding World Health Organization target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea / dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure ; thus, vaccination to prevent the disease should be feasible.

A selected player is exiled to a location ( typically a small island ) apart from the main tribe camps, typically for at least a day following a reward challenge and returning immediately before the following immunity challenge.

Many of the natives died in the following decades of diseases, such as smallpox, to which they had no natural immunity.

In 664 / 666 the bishop of Speyer was granted immunity, a privilege repeatedly confirmed by following rulers, e. g. by Charlemagne in 782.

For example, in Knight Lore for the ZX Spectrum, immunity can be achieved with the following command:

In 1888 Emile Roux and Alexandre Yersin isolated diphtheria toxin, and following the 1890 discovery by Behring and Kitasato of antitoxin based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, the antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic Immunology.

In addition to humoral immunity elicited by tonsillar and adenoidal B cells following antigenic stimulation, there is considerable T-cell response in palatine tonsils.

Infection is common in children in developing countries, reaching 100 % incidence, but following infection there is lifelong immunity.

IgG antibody to HAV is also found in the blood following vaccination and tests for immunity to the virus are based on the detection of this antibody.

The journal is divided into the following sections: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution ; Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal ; Development, Life History ; Population and Community Ecology ; Behavior, Chemical Ecology ; Population Biology / Genetics ; Molecular Biology / Genomics ; Neurobiology, Physiology, Biochemistry ; Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents ; Arthropod / Host Interaction, immunity ; Vector / Pathogen / Host Interaction, Transmission ; Vector Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention ; Direct Injury, Myiasis, Forensics ; Modeling / GIS, Risk Assessment, Economic Impact.

Dendritic cells suffer a maturation defect following interaction with infected erythrocytes and become unable to induce protective liver-stage immunity.

On 1993, the Supreme Court considered the accusation valid, and the following day the Senate voted to strip Pérez of his immunity.

Chirac, as president of France ( until 16 May 2007 ), enjoyed virtual immunity from prosecution for acts preceding his tenure as president, following from decision 98-408 DC of the Constitutional Council on 22 January 1999.

The United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment – Professor Manfred Nowak – on 20 January 2009, remarked on German television that, following the inauguration of Barack Obama as new President, George W. Bush has lost his head of state immunity and under international law the U. S. is now mandated to start criminal proceedings against all those involved in violations of the UN Convention Against Torture.

In October 2007, Blumenthal and the attorneys general of 4 other states lobbied Congress for the rejection of proposals to provide immunity from litigation to telecommunications firms that cooperated with the federal government's terrorist surveillance program following the September 11 attacks in 2001.

Except for him, who managed to escape, all the leaders of the resistance were executed in the days following — including Wenzel Messenhauser, the journalist Alfred Julius Becher, Hermann Jellinek and the Radical member of parliament Robert Blum, even though he had parliamentary immunity.

An exception to each of these points is again provided by OncoVEX GM-CSF ( BioVex Inc, Woburn MA ), the efficacy of which has been found not to be compromised by host immunity, and with which stand alone therapy has provided an approximately 30 % response rate ( PR + CR ) against systemic disease, following local injection into accessible tumors.

Molecules released following TLR activation signal to other cells of the immune system making TLRs key elements of innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

He told some 350 persons that the United States' challenge was to help countries build their own societies their own ways, following their own paths.

The radical feminist group Cell 16 were strongly championing celibacy as a challenge to male dominance, following in a tradition of celibacy dating back to the early feminists.

Herzog had promised to eat his shoe if Morris completed the project, to challenge and encourage Morris, whom Herzog perceived as incapable of following up on the projects he conceived.

* Top Gear, British television series, featuring an episode following a desert challenge in which Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May attempt to drive three old cars across Botswana, including the Kalahari Desert

Herzog once promised to eat his shoe if Errol Morris completed the movie project on pet cemeteries that he had been working on, in order to challenge and motivate Morris, whom Herzog perceived as incapable of following up on the projects he conceived.

However, 1988 saw Williams struggling with an uncompetitive car powered by non-turbocharged Judd engines and it was not until the following year and the arrival of Renault engines that Patrese and his team-mate Thierry Boutsen were able to challenge for race points.

The reaction of other artists to the daunting force of Michelangelo was the dominating question in Italian art for the following few decades, and Raphael, who had already shown his gift for absorbing influences into his own personal style, rose to the challenge perhaps better than any other artist.

In the years following Dumont ’ s challenge for the presidency, and prior to the formal confirmation of les Verts as political party, environmentalists contested elections under such banners as Ecology 78, Ecology Europe and Ecology Today.

By contrast, in 2005, the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation of Lantern Hill, North Stonington, Connecticut, lost their bid for federal recognition through BIA, following a challenge by the State of Connecticut.

At Bucharest he defeated Vasily Smyslov, who would challenge for the World Championship the following year.

He observed that while he was grateful to be alive following his cancer treatment, " I remember promising myself that, should I live, I would rise up to meet this new challenge fundraising for cancer research face to face and prove myself worthy of life, something too many people take for granted.

Fitzroy as minor premiers were allowed to challenge St Kilda – the number one ranked team in the finals series at that point – and the two teams played again the following week in the grand final which Fitzroy won 7. 14.

This rule applies only to challenges between two successive Tribal Councils ( i. e., a typical single episode of the show ); a player can sit out a challenge immediately preceding a Tribal Council and the challenge immediately following it.

The oligarchs, led by Critias, one of the " overseers " and a former exile, summoned a Spartan garrison to ensure their safety and then initiated a reign of terror, executing any men who they thought might possess sufficient initiative or a large enough following to effectively challenge them.

Former Mayor Burke filed suit, and following a bench trial, the trial court rejected Burke's challenge and declared Bennett elected as the qualified candidate who received the highest number of votes.

He posed the following question: " Can the brain – with all its reactions and its immediate responses to every challenge and demand – can the brain be very still?

Some saw the Defence Secretary post as a reward for his cautious loyalty to Major during the 1995 leadership challenge of John Redwood, following Major's " back me or sack me " resignation as party leader.

The following day he was unanimously reselected by his local party as their prospective parliamentary candidate but he failed to persuade 25 of his fellow conservative MPs to call for a vote of confidence in May 2003 and he accepted that no challenge for the party leadership would be immediately forthcoming and retired to the back benches.

Opimius, a staunch conservative and oligarchical man who wanted to restore power to the Senate, had garnered a significant following and stood poised to challenge Gaius directly.

The bump and redness immediately following a mosquito bite are a good example of this reaction, which occurs seconds after challenge of the mast cell by an allergen. Structure of histamine