The Upper Lars border crossing ( at Darial Gorge ) between Georgia and Russia across the Caucasus Mountains served as Armenia's sole overland route to the former Soviet Union and Europe.

The former route of the highway through downtown Cadillac was redesignated as BUS US 131.

*, a loop route through downtown, running largely along the former route of US 131 through the city.

From Elmers End to Woodside route 1 and route 4 ( and route 2 from Arena ) follow the former British Rail branch line to Addiscombe, then diverge to reach Addiscombe tram stop, which is 500 metres west of the now-demolished Addiscombe railway station.

From Woodside to near Sandilands ( routes 1, 2 and 4 ) and from near Sandilands almost to Lloyd Park ( route 3 ) Tramlink follows the former Woodside and South Croydon Railway, including the Park Hill ( or Sandilands ) tunnels.

However ever since the European Union formed an over all streamlining and change of route plans have occurred as faster and more direct links to former Soviet bloc countries now exist and are in the works, with intense co-operation among European countries.

A one-metre gauge line was laid down following the route of the former Jersey Railway from Saint Helier to La Corbière, with a branch line connecting the stone quarry at Ronez in Saint John.

The largest Muslim group, situated in the Valley of Kashmir and estimated to number more than half the population of the entire region, lay in Indian-administered territory, with its former outlets via the Jhelum valley route blocked.

London Transport was converted to a route operating contract tendering authority, and the former bus operating interests and assets of London Transport were split into 12 business units under the banner London Buses.

More significantly though, the removal of the customs wall allowed its former route to be turned into yet another road running through Potsdamer Platz, thus increasing still further the amount of traffic passing through.

* Königgrätzer Straße ( northern portion ), earlier names Brandenburgische Communication and then Schulgartenstraße, running along the former route of the customs wall and leading north to the Brandenburg Gate.

* Potsdamer Straße, developed out of that old road to Schöneberg and Potsdam, part of the former trading route across Europe, and leading south west.

This was largely because the river returned to its former route ; it had been diverted so that a railway could run along the river bed.

* Norman, Washington, a place along Washington State Route 530's former route

From William Henry Harrison to Gerald Ford, the funeral corteges of seven of the eight presidents who died in office and two former presidents followed this route.

Lyndon B. Johnson and Ford were the former presidents whose funeral cortege followed this route.

In the system as adopted in 1926, US 2 instead took the inland route, while US 1 followed the coast, absorbing all of the former Routes 24 and 1 in New England.

Along the former MD 3 corridor that Interstate 97 now follows, development begins to grow closer to the highway, and the route's road surface changes from asphalt to concrete for the remainder of the route.

In Glen Burnie the route interchanges with Maryland Route 3 Business, a former alignment of MD 3 that now no longer connects directly to its parent route.

In 1953, the western terminus of Route 28 was moved to its current location to avoid the concurrencies with U. S. Route 22 and U. S. Route 22 Alternate while the portion of the route in Elizabeth was realigned to replace Route 27-28 Link, with the former route becoming Route 439.

The former southern terminus of the A41 ( M ) near Tring.

Parts of the A41 road between Tring and Bicester use the course of the former Roman road.

The town's bypass from 1973 until 1987 was the former A41 ( M ) motorway now down graded to be part of the A41 trunk road.

At the end of the bypass, the road overlaps as a dual-carriageway for a few miles with the A41, then leaves the A41 at a roundabout near Prees Heath, near the former RAF Tilstock airfield.

The village is at the junction of the B4100 ( former A41 ) and B4451 roads, a mile from Junction 12 of the M40 motorway, and is two miles north-east of Kineton.

It is situated on the ancient Roman Akeman Street between Berkhamsted and Hemel Hempstead, on the former A41 London-Liverpool Trunk Route, on the Grand Union Canal that runs between London and Birmingham and at the confluence of the Chiltern chalk stream, the Bourne Gutter and the River Bulbourne.

The former, he tells the reader, are proved by demonstration, while the latter are given through experience.

Although he uses the terms interchangeably, remarks that, for example, the final glides of English par and buy differ from French par (' through ') and baille (' tub ') in that, in the latter pair, the approximants appear in the syllable coda, whereas, in the former, they appear in the syllable nucleus.

However, Quigley's role ended in 1988 when it became public through the memoirs of former chief of staff, Donald Regan.

The Aberdour obelisk was built by Lord Morton on his departure from the village to relocate to a large home in Edinburgh, it was built so he could see his former hometown from his new house when he looked through binoculars-it stands in a cowfield between the castle and the beach.

Among the country ’ s five presidents since independence in 1960, three have been former army chiefs-of-staff, who have taken power through coups d ’ état.

They later became reacquainted through Jennifer Finch, one of Love's longtime friends and former bandmates, who was dating Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl at the time.

and Odd or Even require no materials and are played using hand gestures, although with the former it is possible for a player to win or lose through skill rather than luck.

The Corinth Canal, carrying ship traffic between the western Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, is about 4 km east of the city, cutting through the Isthmus of Corinth and separates the Peloponnesian peninsula from the Greek mainland, thus effectively making the former an island.

" Pound came to this position partly through long debates with his former colleague at the University of Nebraska, the rising sociologist Edward A. Ross.

Ownership of the Amiga line passed through a few companies, from Escom of Germany in 1995, and then to U. S. PC clone maker Gateway in 1997, before an exclusive lifetime license was made to Amiga, Inc., a Washington company founded by former Gateway employees Bill McEwen and Fleecy Moss in 2000.

At the end of 2006, BT ( the UK's former state owned monopoly phone company ) started offering BT Vision, which combines the digital free-to-air standard Freeview through an aerial, and on-demand IPTV, delivered over a BT Broadband connection through the Vision set-top box ( BT have chosen to deploy Microsoft's Mediaroom platform for this.

For Dunedin, George Smith Duncan further developed the Hallidie model, introducing the pull curve and the slot brake ; the former was a way to pull cars through a curve, since Dunedin's curves were too sharp to allow coasting, while the latter forced a wedge down into the cable slot to stop the car.

Running from the west the river Amper runs south of Dachau ’ s old town, changes its direction at the former paper milling plant to the northeast and continues through Prittlbach into Hebertshausen.

The government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, conferred the additional title upon her by an Act of Parliament, reputedly to assuage the monarch's irritation at being, as a mere Queen, notionally inferior to her own daughter ( Princess Victoria was the wife of the reigning German Emperor ); the Indian Imperial designation was also formally justified as the expression of Britain succeeding as paramount ruler of the subcontinent the former Mughal ' Padishah of Hind ', using indirect rule through hundreds of princely states formally under protection, not colonies, but accepting the British Sovereign as their suzerain.

At Gaumont, pioneer Alice Guy Blaché ( M. Gaumont's former secretary ) was made head of production and oversaw about 400 films, from her first, La Fée aux Choux, in 1896, through 1906.

East of Oneida and Cazenovia Lakes are the headwaters of the Susquehanna River and Hudson River watersheds ( the former in the foothills of the Catskills, the latter through the Mohawk Valley and southern Adirondack Mountains ).

When the World Cup began, Banks was in goal as England got through their group containing Uruguay, Mexico and France, drawing 0 – 0 with the former and clinching 2 – 0 victories over the latter.

Midway through their set, Parsons joined the headline act and fronted his former group on renditions of " Hickory Wind " and " You Don't Miss Your Water ".

Boyer attempted to enforce production through the Code Rural, enacted in 1826, but peasant freeholders, mostly former revolutionary soldiers, had no intention of returning to the forced labor they fought to escape.

In Costa Rica in May 1997, former President Carlos Roberto Reina met with former US President Bill Clinton, his Central American counterparts, and the President of the Dominican Republic to reaffirm support for strengthening democracy, good governance, and promoting prosperity through economic integration, free trade, and investment.