" Legs McNeil, founder of the fanzine Punk, was quoted in an interview as saying, " the hippies always wanted to be black.

* December 26 – The first Kwanzaa is celebrated by Maulana Karenga, founder of Organization US ( a black nationalist group ) and later chair of Black Studies, at California State University, Long Beach from 1989 to 2002.

Sima Qian's " Annals of the Yin " begins by describing the predynastic founder of the Shang lineage, Xie ( 偰 ) — also appearing as Qi ( 契 ) — as having been miraculously conceived when Jiandi, a wife of Emperor Ku, swallowed an egg dropped by a black bird.

The two shields in the centre form the coat of arms of the Electorate of Saxony with the Saxon arms on the right, whose gold and black stripes recall the Ascanian rulers ' house colours with the Rautenkranz ( literally " lozenge wreath ", although it is no such thing, as can be seen at the Saxony article ) across them symbolizing the town's founder Duke Albrecht II since 1262, when it appeared in his arms.

Editor and founder Robert Sengstacke Abbott played a major role in influencing the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North by means of strong, moralistic rhetoric in his editorials and political cartoons, the promotion of Chicago as a destination, and the advertisement of successful black individuals as inspiration for blacks in the South.

Abbott is founder of the London Schools and the Black Child initiative, which aims to raise educational achievement levels amongst black children.

* Peter Durrett ( c. 1733-1823 ), founder with his wife of the First African Baptist Church of Lexington, Kentucky, the oldest black Baptist church in the state and the third oldest in the US.

Sam Phillips, founder of Sun Records, lived in the area and stated in his autobiography that Muscle Shoals ( primarily radio station WLAY ( AM ), which had both " white " and " black " music on its playlist ) influenced his merging of these sounds at Sun Records with Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Johnny Cash.

Smith was the founder and editor of " South Today ," a journal of fiction and opinion, both literary and political, that was the first magazine in the South to publish stories and articles by black writers.

* Annie Turnbo Malone, businesswoman and philanthropist, founder of the black beauty culture and Poro College

Peter Spencer ( 1782-1843 ) was born under slavery in Kent County, Maryland, in 1782, was freed when his master died, and became the founder of the first independent black Christian Church in the United States, the A. U. M. P.

The Nation of Islam is a black supremacist movement which acknowledges its 20th-century founder, Wallace Fard Muhammad, as an incarnation of Allah, a view most Muslims consider shirk ( polytheism ).

Notable Vassar alumni include first black graduate Anita Florence Hemmings ( 1897 ), poet Edna St. Vincent Millay ( 1917 ), computer pioneer Grace Hopper ( 1928 ), poet Elizabeth Bishop ( 1934 ), physician Beatrix Hamburg ( 1944 ), politician and activist Frances Farenthold, psychiatrist Bernadine P. Healy ( 1965 ), actress Meryl Streep ( 1971 ), CBS News Chief White House Correspondent Chip Reid ( 1977 ), television personality Andrew Zimmern ( 1984 ), actress Lisa Kudrow ( 1985 ), actress Hope Davis ( 1986 ), musician Mark Ronson, journalist Evan Wright ( 1988 ), writer-director Noah Baumbach ( 1991 ), Flickr founder Caterina Fake ( 1991 ), What Not to Wear host Stacy London ( 1991 ), Survivor: Africa winner Ethan Zohn ( 1996 ), actress Lecy Goranson.

Richard Allen ( February 14, 1760 – March 26, 1831 ) was a minister, educator and writer, and the founder in 1816 of the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME ), the first independent black denomination in the United States.

George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party once called Muhammad " the Hitler of the black man.

The founder, Adriano Emperado, held the title of " Sijo " and is a 10th degree black belt.

It was built in 1830 to plans by millwright Edward Ingeldew ( who also built, among others, Wragby tower mill in 1831, Waltham Windmill in 1837, and the former Pickworth tower mill ) for her first owner and founder Michael Hare of red brick, the outer walls being tarred ( provided with a black bitumen paint in order to successfully keep moisture out ), as a five-sailed windmill ( very similar to Alford Windmill ) with Sutton's single patent sails ( 15 feet tip-width and 12 feet heel-width ) providing longitudinal shutters on both sides of the backs ( 36 feet in length ).

The systematic use of belt colour to denote the rank was first used by Kano Jigoro, the founder of judo, who first devised the colored belt system using obi, and awarded the first black belts to denote a Dan rank in the 1880s.

Back than, SALEM were in very good relations with Mayhem ` s founder Euronymous who offered SALEM relocation to Norway and joining the black metal inner circle.

* Andrew " Anvil Andy " Farkas, football player at U of D, first round draft pick of the Washington Redskins in 1938, first to wear eye black in the NFL, founder of the Gus Dorais Foundation, co-owns the record ( with New York Giant Victor Cruz ) for the longest completed pass ( 99 yards )

In the course of her search, she discovers the central idea of the founder of Intuitionism – that of the " black box ", the perfect elevator, which will deliver the people to the city of the future.

Prince Hall ( c. 1735 – December 7, 1807 ), was an African American noted as a tireless abolitionist, for his leadership in the free black community in Boston, and as the founder of Prince Hall Masonry.

For instance, Dion Fortune, the founder of the esoteric magical group, the Society of the Inner Light also took the side of the RHP, making the claim that " black magicians ", or followers of the LHP, were homosexuals and that Indian servants might use malicious magical rites devoted to the goddess Kali against their European masters.

A founder of Journal of Negro History ( now titled The Journal of African-American History ), Dr. Woodson has been cited as the father of black history.

Bal Keshav Thackeray (; born 23 January 1926 ), popularly known as Hindu Hriday Samraat Balasaheb Thackeray is an Indian politician, founder and chief of the Shiv Sena, a right-wing Hindu nationalist, and Marathi ethnocentric party active mainly in the western Indian state of Maharashtra.

Investigators discovered incriminating evidence at his home: ammonium nitrate and blasting caps, the electric drill used to drill out the locks at the quarry, books on bomb-making, a copy of Hunter ( a 1989 novel by William Luther Pierce, the founder and chairman of the white nationalist National Alliance ) and a hand-drawn map of downtown Oklahoma City, on which was marked the Murrah Building and the spot where McVeigh's getaway car was hidden.

Kahanism is an nationalist ideology based on the views of Meir Kahane, founder of the Jewish Defense League and the Kach party in Israel, who said that the State of Israel must defend itself against its enemies.

" The first use of the term is attributed to the Austrian Nathan Birnbaum, founder of a nationalist Jewish students ' movement Kadimah, who used the term in his journal Selbstemanzipation ( Self Emancipation ).

* March 20 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party ( KMT ), is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.

He was a prominent Welsh nationalist and a founder of the Welsh National Party ( later known as Plaid Cymru ).

Jean-Marie Le Pen (; born 20 June 1928 ) is a French right-wing and nationalist politician who is founder and former president of the Front National ( National Front ) party.

William Luther Pierce, founder of the white nationalist National Alliance, sought to promote NSBM as well as other forms of white nationalist music through Resistance Records, believing that music would ' make the National Alliance rich and spread its message most effectively '.

One of Rahman's followers, El Sayyid Nosair, was linked to the assassination of Israeli nationalist Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the Jewish Defense League.

Chinese nationalist revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen, considered the founder of a modern China by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China.

Close to the nationalist writer Charles Maurras, founder of the monarchist Action française movement, Barrès refused however to endorse monarchist ideas, although he demonstrated sympathy throughout his life for the Action française.

Charles Stewart Parnell ( 27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891 ) was an Irish landlord, nationalist political leader, land reform agitator, and the founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

), and the founder and first leader of a number of Irish nationalist parties and organisations, including the Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society in 1836, the Home Government Association in 1870 and in 1873 the Home Rule League.

When his father sent him to Surabaya in 1916 to attend a Hogere Burger School ( Dutch-medium secondary school ), he met Tjokroaminoto, a nationalist and founder of Sarekat Islam, the owner of the boarding house where he lived.

He was a founder and the first leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ), a social democratic and Irish nationalist party.

Jamil al-Sayyid, a founder of the Arab nationalist Ba ' ath party, claims the nation is the group of people who speak Arabic, inhabit the Arab world, and who have a feeling of belonging to the same nation.

Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted.

George Antonius is viewed as the founder of modern Arab nationalist history.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali nationalist politician and the founder of Bangladesh.

Bogyoke ( General ) Aung San (, ); 13 February 1915 – 19 July 1947 ) was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, founder of the modern Burmese army ( Tatmadaw ), and considered to be the Father of modern-day Burma.

* William Luther Pierce ( 1933 – 2002 ), white Aryan nationalist, founder of the National Alliance

Khalil Ibrahim al-Wazir (), also known by his kunya " Abu Jihad " ( — father of the struggle ) ( October 10, 1935 – April 16, 1988 ), was a Palestinian military leader and founder of the secular nationalist party Fatah.