Therefore, four loose families of more-efficient light transport modelling techniques have emerged: rasterization, including scanline rendering, geometrically projects objects in the scene to an image plane, without advanced optical effects ; ray casting considers the scene as observed from a specific point-of-view, calculating the observed image based only on geometry and very basic optical laws of reflection intensity, and perhaps using Monte Carlo techniques to reduce artifacts ; and ray tracing is similar to ray casting, but employs more advanced optical simulation, and usually uses Monte Carlo techniques to obtain more realistic results at a speed that is often orders of magnitude slower.

Project manager Stephen Merkowitz talks about his work with NASA's Space Geodesy Project, including a brief overview of the four fundamental techniques of space geodesy: GPS, VLBI, SLR, and DORIS.

During these four years in Switzerland, he worked on theoretical architectural studies using modern techniques.

Structured illumination can improve resolution by around two to four times and techniques like stimulated Emission Depletion microscopy are approaching the resolution of electron microscopes.

In 1961 Stephen Smale shocked mathematicians by proving the Generalized Poincaré conjecture for dimensions greater than four and extended his techniques to prove the fundamental h-cobordism theorem.

Released three years to the day after QdQr, this pared down the time taken to complete all four episodes, on Nightmare ( hardest ) difficulty, to 12 minutes, 23 seconds ( a further reduction of 4 minutes, 12 seconds ), partly by using techniques that had formerly been shunned in such films as being less aesthetically pleasing.

Once risks have been identified and assessed, all techniques to manage the risk fall into one or more of these four major categories:

There are typically four different techniques for standardization

Barbecuing encompasses four or five distinct types of cooking techniques.

Halliday ( 1987 ), grouped treatment techniques into four classes.

Other techniques: The vibraphone solo " Mourning Dove Sonnet ," composed by Christopher Deane, utilizes a four mallet grip with two cello ( or bass ) bows held where the outer mallets would be, a yarn mallet for the main melodic playing and a plastic mallet for pitch bending in the inner positions.

The GamePad Pro employed advanced signaling techniques to allow for both the use of ten buttons and the simultaneous use of up to four controllers connected by the controller's built-in piggyback plug, but games couldn't detect the gamepad unless they were coded with the device in mind ( DOS ) or a specific driver was installed ( Windows ).

The film was a huge box-office success, winning four Academy Awards, reviving interest in animation made for theaters, and popularizing the in-depth study of the history and techniques of animation.

Employing typical coaching techniques can be broken down into four main elements: ( 1 ) a one-on-one relationship, ( 2 ) monitoring the coachee ’ s performance and other work-relevant behaviors, ( 3 ) setting goals based on the behaviors monitored, and ( 4 ) providing feedback throughout the relationship.

Their music was, broadly, repetitive minimalism, often of great technical difficulty ( Hobbs's Working Notes ( 1969 ) for four toy pianos ), great dynamic power ( Shrapnel's 4 Toy Pianos ( 1971 )), were used in various combinations with reed organs, and used compositional techniques that were either specific to British experimentalism ( such as systems music, invented by John White ), or borrowed from other disciplines ( such as Alec Hill's use of change ringing systems ).

Once Upon a Time would go on to generate four worldwide hit singles: " Alive & Kicking ", " Sanctify Yourself ", " Ghostdancing " and " All the Things She Said ", the latter of which featured a cutting-edge music video directed by Zbigniew Rybczyński that used techniques developed in music videos for bands such as Pet Shop Boys and Art of Noise.

In Japanese cuisine, simmering is considered one of the four essential cooking techniques.

These TGV-derived components are the traction system derived from third-generation TGV trainsets ( including the four asynchronous AC motors per power car, rectifiers, inverters, and regenerative braking technology ), the structure of the trucks / bogies ( with a long wheelbase dual transom H frame welded steel with outboard mounted tapered roller bearings ), the brake discs ( although there are only three per axle, versus four on the TGV ), and the crash energy management techniques to control structural deformations in the event of an accident.

Whilst appearing very similar to the Austin engine the level of agreement between Reliant and Austin remains unclear, the Reliant side valve engine was a 747cc four cylinder unit built using smaller scale manufacturing techniques than Austin.

Bennett and some of the Coombe Springs residents had moved into a nearby house in Kingston upon Thames, where the family ( the Bennetts now had two sons and two young daughters ) would live quietly for four years before Bennett embarked on his last great project-an experimental school for passing on techniques for spiritual transformation.

The cuisine of Goa is influenced by its Hindu origins, four hundred years of Portuguese colonialism, and modern techniques.

The family was not well studied using modern anatomical or phylogenetic techniques ; two studies, in 1987 and 1990, each used only four species, and comparisons amongst the family as a whole have relied mostly on external features and appearances.

The director of the company was interested in Microprocessor technology and noticed there was a market for selling kits to computer building amateurs, so they started selling electronic kits to hobbyists, and employed four persons at that time.

Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60 % of the world's population live in countries where executions take place, such as the People's Republic of China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia, the four most-populous countries in the world, which continue to apply the death penalty ( although in India, Indonesia and in many US states it is rarely employed ).

One in four psychologists are employed in educational settings.

Children as young as four were employed.

As a consequence, three out of every four people employed in the EU are now not members of a trade union.

The loaf was blessed, and in Anglo-Saxon England it might be employed afterwards to work magic: A book of Anglo-Saxon charms directed that the lammas bread be broken into four bits, which were to be placed at the four corners of the barn, to protect the garnered grain.

On 25 July 1975 four policemen were wounded in attacks in which the Peronist guerrillas employed bazookas and firebombs.

Heaviside employed the curl and divergence operators of the vector calculus to reformulate 12 of these 20 equations into four equations in four variables ( B, E, J, and ρ ), the form by which they have been known ever since ( see Maxwell's equations ).

All three employed the same chipset as used on the LSI-11 / 03 and LSI-11 / 2 in four " microm " s. There was an option which combined two of the microms into one dual carrier, freeing one socket for an EIS / FIS chip.

After university, Carroll was employed as a school teacher, and spent four years in India and the Himalayas.

The Sudan Airways fleet in 1991 consisted of thirteen aircraft, including five Boeing 707s used on international flights, two Boeing 737s and two Boeing 727s employed in domestic and regional services, and four Fokker F-27s used for domestic flights.

A letter to the editor of the Morning Chronicle of 2 January 1819 states that " On the 19th of November, as the servants belonging to the West Mains of Dunsinane-house, were employed in carrying away stones from the excavation made among the ruins that point out the site of Macbeth's castle here, part of the ground they stood on suddenly gave way, and sunk down about six feet, discovering a regularly built vault, about six feet long and four wide.

A SQUID is the sensor in each of the four gyroscopes employed on Gravity Probe B in order to test the limits of the theory of general relativity.

After Clay was employed as Wythe's amanuensis for four years, the chancellor took an active interest in Clay's future ; he arranged a position for him with the Virginia attorney general, Robert Brooke.

In 1906, employed as an inspector of schools for mentally handicapped children, he pursued his research interests in childhood sexuality during interviews with four children with a line of questioning that resulted in him facing trial over allegations of improper conduct.

Uriah has been employed as clerk to Wickfield for four years, since he was eleven.

By 1898 steam traction engine trains with up to four wagons were employed in military manoeuvres in England.

8 ), all four legal methods of execution — stoning, burning, decapitating, and strangling — were employed ( Sanh.

In 1877 the city was the site of as many as 21 textile mills employing around 10 thousand workers ; in comparison with the four thousand employed in Turin's textile industry, Salerno was sometimes referred to as the " Manchester of the two Sicilies ".

In 2008, Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, and Sage Publications sued four senior members of staff employed by Georgia State University over the university's electronic reserves policy, which is an online version of the usual reserve policy for texts used in courses.

From the league's inception through the 2008 – 09 season, the top four teams advanced to the finals series, employed using a modified Page playoff system.

S. A. A., field, horse, howitzer and heavy gun shrapnel, howitzer and heavy gun lyddite shells, cartridges for the four different guns employed and pom-pom cartridges for the cavalry, — in all twelve distinct types of stores would be carried for a complete army corps.