A convoluted chip surface with angled facets similar to a jewel or fresnel lens can increase light output by allowing light to be emitted perpendicular to the chip surface while far to the sides of the photon emission point.

Special light-diffusing optics and a colored fresnel lens create the indication. Signals such as the 3M High Visibility Signal and McCain Programmable Visibility signal utilize light-diffusing optics and a powerful fresnel lens to create the signal indication.

At the front of these programmable visibility signals is a 12 " fresnel lens, each lens tinted to meet United States Institute of Transportation Engineers ( ITE ) chromaticity and luminance standards.

The circular stone tower is 55ft high and still contains the original lantern complete with fresnel lens manufactured by Chance Brothers, using a mercury bath as a low-friction bearing.

On top of the box is a large fresnel lens that collimates the light.

Better-quality overhead projectors offer an adjustment wheel or screw on the body of the projector, to move the lamp towards or away from the fresnel lens.

More recent projectors use an integrated lamp and conical reflector assembly that allows the lamp to be located deep within the reflector so that more light is focused towards the fresnel lens, allowing for a lower-power lamp.

The optical focus, linearity, brightness and clarity of an overhead generally cannot match that of a video projector primarily due to the plastic fresnel lens, which can only approximate what would normally be an extremely large and heavy glass lens.

Video projectors utilize extremely small picture generation mechanisms, allowing for precision optics that far exceed the plastic fresnel lens ' optical performance.

These ridges can be regarded as the acoustic equivalent of a fresnel lens, and may be seen in a large variety of unrelated animals such as the bat, aye-aye, lesser galago, bat-eared fox, mouse lemur and others.

They usually have a fresnel lens with a spherical reflector or an ellipsoidal reflector with a lens train containing two Plano Convex lens or a single step lens.

A bi-valve fresnel lens is on display in the museum.

It is stripped back to show the glue and thread in the spine which is visible through an acrylic slipcase ( with a lid ) with a fresnel lens so the text appears to move as the lid is removed.

Lighthouses also commonly used parabolic mirrors to collimate a point of light from a lantern into a beam, before being replaced by more efficient fresnel lenses in the 19th century.

However, fresnel lanterns are more frequently used for this task.

In practice, however, the site was too far from viewers, too low in the sky, obstructed somewhat by terrain, and lacking in fresnel clearance.

When the terrain is hilly, the maximum distance can vary from as little as to due to encroachment of intermediate objects into the wide center fresnel zone of the signal.

An alternative method of focusing X-rays is to use a tiny fresnel zone plate of concentric gold or nickel rings on a silicon dioxide substrate.

One example of the Fresnel lens application common in the USA is the 3M Model 131 traffic signal ( dubbed the " Programmed Visibility " signal ).

In the 1930s throughout the 1950s, they utilized a beaded prismatic lens with a " smiley " pattern embossed into the bottom of each lens.

Besides the cathode or objective lens, situated on the left hand side of Figure 4, two more lenses are utilized to create an image of the specimen: an intermediate three-electrode lens is used to vary the total magnification between 100 × if the lens is deactivated, and up to 1000 × when needed.

Note that the second definition assumes that the depth of field is symmetric around H ( which is roughly correct for normal lenses ) and therefore assumes a setting in which only half the depth of field is utilized ( i. e., for a lens focused at infinity, the depth of field is 10. 4 m to infinity ).

Canon's first iteration of the breech-lock, extended forward from the earlier R-and FL-series lenses, utilized a rotating mounting ring at the rear of the lens ; the lens body itself did not rotate for mounting.

Ironically, the Start, Zenit-7 and Zenit-D utilized the same normal lens — a Helios-44 2 / 58.

The updated show displayed at the same fairgrounds in 1964 lacked the colored flames but used punched cards for the choreography, had prerecorded music, and utilized the then-revolutionary system of dichroic light filtering ( developed by Bausch and Lomb for the fountain ) which now allowed a dark colored lens and a light colored lens to produce the same brightness of light.

The terms crop factor and focal length multiplier were coined in recent years in an attempt to help 35 mm film format SLR photographers understand how their existing ranges of lenses would perform on newly introduced DSLR cameras which had sensors smaller than the 35 mm film format, but often utilized existing 35 mm film format SLR lens mounts.

As part of the EOS line of cameras, the 5 / A2 / A2e utilized Canon's EF bayonet lens mount, first introduced in 1987.

The actual situation is more complicated — as Allen R. Greenleaf explains, " Illuminance varies inversely as the square of the distance between the exit pupil of the lens and the position of the plate or film.

The first Brownie, introduced in February, 1900, was a very basic cardboard box camera with a simple meniscus lens that took 2¼-inch square pictures on 117 rollfilm.

The quadrupole lens is an arrangement of electromagnetic coils at the vertices of the square, enabling the generation of a lensing magnetic fields, the hexapole configuration simply enhances the lens symmetry by using six, rather than four coils.

The light-gathering power ( or light grasp ) of an optical telescope is directly related to the square of the diameter ( or aperture ) of the objective lens or mirror.

The filter can be a square or oblong shape mounted in a holder accessory, or, more commonly, a glass or plastic disk with a metal or plastic ring frame, which can be screwed in front of or clipped onto the lens.

A square arrangement of only four sensors can observe this bias and use it to bring the read lens to best focus, without being fooled by oblong pits or other features on the disc surface.

Most versions take 16 photographs per roll in a non-standard format of 4. 2 cm square using a simple plastic meniscus lens, although some are capable of 12 6 x 6 cm exposures.

This indirectness leads to the fact that the resulting refractive power is the square of the refractive power of a single lens.

Let z be the optical axis then one can deduce separately for the x and the y axis that the refractive power is again the square of the refractive power of a single lens.

Again the indirectness leads to the fact that the resulting refractive power is the square of the refractive power of a single lens.

However, square or rectangular lens hoods should not be used with zoom lenses whose front elements rotate as the focal length is changed, as the hood will rotate as well, blocking the angle of view.

A new cast-iron lantern, in diameter, was glazed with square panes around a dioptric light with mirrors, later replaced by a lens.

Using a special aluminum foil-based adhesive tape, these signals are " masked " or programmed via the programming lens so that only certain lanes of traffic will view the indication.

Finally, the image here is an anamorphic image used to create a 2. 39: 1 aspect ratio when projected through an anamorphic lens.

A large lens will create enough intensity to burn a flammable object at the focal point.

The sun ( a light bulb focused by a convex lens ) was shot in different passes to create realistic light effects on the Bird-of-Prey without having the light bleed around other elements in the shot.

Until the early twentyfirst century intraocular lenses were always monofocal ; since then improvements in intraocular technology allow implanting a multifocal lens to create a visual environment in which patients are less dependent on glasses.

The department built on a lens flare simulation to create a plasma burst composed of two expanding disc shapes with swirling detail texture mapped to the surface.

To create the motion blur seen here, the shutter must be kept open for a relatively long time, making it necessary to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens.

Of these the Canon EOS IX and the Nikon Pronea could use the existing 35 mm SLR lenses, whereas Minolta opted to create a new lens line-up later shared with an early digital SLR.

This is achieved by incorporating a special lens group known as a telephoto group that extends the light path to create a long-focus lens in a much shorter overall design.

Diagram of a typical telephoto lens with a large positive lens and a smaller negative telephoto group combined to create a much longer focal length-f.

In 1883 or 1884 New Zealand photographer Alexander McKay discovered he could create a much more manageable long-focus lens by combining a shorter focal length telescope objective lens with negative lenses and other optical parts from opera glasses to modify the light cone.

With the development of TEM, the associated technique of scanning transmission electron microscopy ( STEM ) was re-investigated and did not become developed until the 1970s, with Albert Crewe at the University of Chicago developing the field emission gun and adding a high quality objective lens to create the modern STEM.

In such arrangements, the producer may put almost all of his or her attention on managing the recording session and working closely with the musicians on their performances and interpretations of the material ; the recording engineer may dedicate all of his or her time to capturing these performances on tape ( or hard disk ); the sound designer may then help to create the overall sound, the integration of recording technology with musical instrument technology, the presentation that is the phonographic equivalent of decisions in movie-making about what type of lens to use on the camera, whether or not to use soft focus, and what kind of lighting to use on a scene.

A surgical technique offered is to create a " reading eye " and a " distance vision eye ", a technique commonly used in contact lens practice, known as monovision.

( In fact, in order to create at least a slight incentive for person 2 to agree to trade to the identified point, the point would have to be slightly inside the lens.

Other sequences also presented challenges, such as the stopped-action table-tennis game for which Hunter and Livesey were trained by champions Alan Brooke and Viktor Barna ; the scene where Carter washes up on the beach, the first scene filmed, where cinematographer Jack Cardiff fogged up the camera lens with his breath to create the look he wanted ; and the long, 25-minute trial sequence, which required a set with a long by high backcloth.