The smallest vertebrate in the world is the New Guinea frog, Paedophryne amauensis.

Although the fossils of several older proto-frogs with primitive characteristics are known, the oldest " true frog " is Prosalirus bitis, from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona.

In aquatic salamanders and in frog tadpoles, the tail has dorsal and ventral fins and is moved from side to side as a means of propulsion.

An exception is the granular poison frog ( Oophaga granulifera ) where the male and female place their cloacae in close proximity while facing in opposite directions and then release eggs and sperm simultaneously.

In the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ), the interior of the globular egg cluster has been found to be up to 6 ° C ( 11 ° F ) warmer than its surroundings which is an advantage in its cool northern habitat.

Young of the Cuban tree frog ( Osteopilus septentrionalis ) can occasionally be cannibalistic, the younger tadpoles attacking a larger, more developed tadpole when it is undergoing metamorphosis.

The male Colostethus subpunctatus, a tiny frog, protects his egg cluster which is hidden under a stone or log.

The granular poison frog ( Oophaga granulifera ) is typical of a number of tree frogs in the poison dart frog family Dendrobatidae.

When a frog is attacked, a distress or fright call is emitted, often resembling a scream.

The usually nocturnal Cuban tree frog ( Osteopilus septentrionalis ) produces a rain call when there is rainfall during daylight hours.

Although in many frog species, females are larger than males, this is not the case in most species where males are actively involved in territorial defence.

The western terrestrial garter snake ( Thamnophis elegans ) in California is largely aquatic and depends heavily on two species of frog that are diminishing in numbers, the Yosemite toad ( Bufo canorus ) and the mountain yellow-legged frog ( Rana muscosa ), putting the snake's future at risk.

However, the fossil record for frog families and genera is uneven.

Particularly well known species include the frog Oxyglossus pusillus ( Owen ) of the Eocene of India and the toothed frog Indobatrachus, an early lineage of modern frogs, which is now placed in the Australian family Myobatrachidae.

In comparison with the French bow, the German bow has a taller frog, and it is held with the palm angled upwards, as is done for the upright members of the viol family.

The index finger is also used to apply an upward torque to the frog when tilting the bow.

The frog of the double bass bow is usually made out of ebony, although snakewood and buffalo horn are used by some luthiers.

The energy flow continues on its path if the frog is ingested by predators, parasites, or as a decaying carcass in soil.

A live frog is Magnetic levitation | magnetically levitated, an experiment that earned Andre Geim from the University of Nijmegen and Sir Michael Berry ( physicist ) | Michael Berry from University of Bristol the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in physics.

Pufferfish are generally believed to be the second most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog.

The mainstream Islamic madhhab ( school ) of Safii, Hanafi and Hanbali strictly forbid the consumption of frog, however according to the school Maliki consuming frog is allowed only on certain type of frogs ; the green frog commonly found in ricefields, while other species especially with blistered skin is considered poisonous, unclean and disgusting and should not be consumed.

The secretion makes the frog slippery and hard to grip, and is poisonous to some other species of frogs, so it is a useful defensive tool for Green and Golden Bell Frogs.

Cane toads have been confused with the giant burrowing frog ( Heleioporus australiacus ), because both are large and warty in appearance ; however, the latter can be readily distinguished from the former by its vertical pupils and its silver-grey ( as opposed to gold ) iris.

Fish in this family are usually called toadfish: both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance ( batrakhos is Greek for frog ).

It was typified by a sameness in the appearance of the characters ( the punchline to a strip often was emphasized by a deadpan take with eyes half open and the mouth absent or in a tight, small circle of steadfast perplexity ) and by an endless capacity for newly coined, onomatopoetic sound effects, such as " BREEDEET BREEDEET " for a croaking frog, " PLORTCH " for a knight being stabbed by a sword, or " FAGROON klubble klubble " for a collapsing building.

) Occasionally, the Boss's pet frog Rizzo will make an appearance on the screen to give the player advice, or nag about the way they're handling things.

The common frog ( Rana temporaria ) is also similar in appearance but it has a less rounded snout, damp smooth skin, and usually moves by leaping.

* Kermit ( performed by Jim Henson ) – Before he became a frog, Kermit had a lizard-like appearance here.

British schoolchildren have traditionally nicknamed the dish frog spawn, due to its appearance.

Raninidae is a family of unusual crabs, sometimes known as " frog crabs ", on account of their frog-like appearance.

Its first known appearance is in Wedderburn's Complaynt of Scotland ( 1548 ) under the name " The frog came to the myl dur ", though this in Scots rather than English.

There are no other species with a similar appearance to the wood frog in North America.

The Pickerel Frog ( Rana palustris ) is a small North American frog, characterized by the appearance of seemingly " hand-drawn " squares on its dorsal surface.

Several hundred frog species in adaptive radiations ( e. g., Eleutherodactylus, the Pacific Platymantines, the Australo-Papuan microhylids, and many other tropical frogs ), however, do not need any water for breeding in the wild.

The thumb rests on the shaft of the bow, next to the frog while the other fingers drape on the other side of the bow.

# Small change tolerance, colloquially referred to as the " boiling frog ": People may ignore gun registration because it constitutes just a small change, but when combined with other small changes, it could lead to the equivalent of confiscation.

He is the inventor of, among other things, a frog exaggerator ( which greatly misrepresents the size of amphibians ), automatic tapping shoes for tap dancing, the sarcasm detector, hamburger earmuffs, the 8-month-after pill, and a drilling machine that can cut through anything.

Like the other concepts in the Ogdoad, his male form was often depicted as a frog, or a frog-headed human, and his female form as a snake or snake-headed human.

Kipling made up the name, and it " does not mean ' frog ' in any language other than the language of the forest.

Approximately one week later, a spam email for something other than Starlight Travel would arrive, and would include a reference to the specific frog that the visitor had selected.

The fundamental properties of muscle physiology were determined with work done using frog muscles ( including the force generating mechanism of all muscle, the length-tension relationship, and the force-velocity curve ), and frogs are still the preferred model organism due to the long survival of muscles in vitro and the possibility of isolating intact single-fiber preparations ( not possible in other organisms ).

For the frog, which holds and adjusts the near end of the horsehair, ebony is most often used, but other materials, often decorative, were used as well ; these included ivory and tortoiseshell.

However, the frog refuses to perform for any individual other than its owner, instead devolving into croaking in the presence of others.

Later, in 1999, the Israeli Supreme Court heard several petitions against Shabak methods, including ( 1 ) " forceful and repeated shaking of the suspect's upper torso, in a manner which causes the neck and head to swing rapidly ," ( 2 ) manacling of the suspect in a painful " Shabach position " for a long period of time, ( 3 ) the " frog crouch " consisting of " consecutive, periodical crouches on the tips of one's toes ," and other methods.

Lizards and amphibians, such as moor frog, natterjack toad and smooth newt are other examples of land vertebrata.

** Frizard ( voiced by Brian Cummings ): Half frog, half lizard, and Crock's other sidekick.

He feels he can commit whatever wicked acts he wants-cheat people of their money, jail the innocent, abuse young girls-because although, " According to Buddhist belief those who have done evil in their lives will spend the next incarnation in the shape of a rat, frog or some other low animal ", he intends to provide against these sins by devoting the rest of his life to good works such as financing the building of pagodas, " and balance the scales of karmic justice.

Wildlife conservation projects include the Houston Toad, Wyoming Toad, golden frog, Attwater's Prairie Chicken, chimney swift, Bornean orangutans and Asian elephants, Komodo dragon, Malayan tiger, Spectacled bear, Clouded leopard, red panda and numerous other endangered animals.

On the bottom half of the screen, the player must successfully guide the frog between opposing lanes of trucks, cars, and other vehicles, to avoid becoming roadkill.

Some species, such as gorillas and orangutans, are well known while other species, such as the Livingstone's Fruit Bat, the Pied Tamarin, the Giant Jumping Rat, the Madagascar Teal ( Bernier's Teal ), the Echo Parakeet ( Mauritius Parakeet ), the Mountain Chicken ( actually a giant frog ), and Round Island Boa, are more obscure.

" Others have compared the flavor to a wide range of other meats, including veal, frog, tortoise, quail, fish, rabbit, and even canned tuna.

The existence of the visible " tail " appendage makes this frog family distinct from all other frogs.

Various vegetation associations are found throughout the wetlands, providing habitat for many species of waterbird, as well as other wildlife including 211 bird species, 8 species of native mammal, 15 frog, 56 reptile and 24 native fish species.